refactor: format dates in a human-friendly way

app/client/components/cron-input.tsx

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import { CronExpressionParser } from "cron-parser";
-import { format } from "date-fns";
 import { AlertCircle, CheckCircle2 } from "lucide-react";
 import { useMemo } from "react";
 import { FormControl, FormDescription, FormItem, FormLabel, FormMessage } from "~/client/components/ui/form";
 import { Input } from "~/client/components/ui/input";
+import { formatDateTime } from "~/client/lib/datetime";
 import { cn } from "~/client/lib/utils";
 
 interface CronInputProps {
@@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ export function CronInput({ value, onChange, error }: CronInputProps) {
 						placeholder="* * * * *"
 						value={value}
 						onChange={(e) => onChange(e.target.value)}
-						className={cn("font-mono", { "border-destructive": error || (value && !isValid) })}
+						className={cn("font-mono", {
+							"border-destructive": error || (value && !isValid),
+						})}
 					/>
 					<div className="absolute right-3 top-1/2 -translate-y-1/2">
 						{value && (
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ export function CronInput({ value, onChange, error }: CronInputProps) {
 						{nextRuns.map((date, i) => (
 							<li key={date.toISOString()} className="text-xs font-mono flex items-center gap-2">
 								<span className="text-muted-foreground w-4">{i + 1}.</span>
-								{format(date, "PPP p")}
+								{formatDateTime(date)}
 							</li>
 						))}
 					</ul>

app/client/components/onoff.tsx

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export const OnOff = ({ isOn, toggle, enabledLabel, disabledLabel, disabled }: P
 			className={cn(
 				"flex items-center gap-2 rounded-full border px-3 py-1.5 text-xs font-semibold uppercase tracking-wide transition-colors",
 				isOn
-					? "border-emerald-200 bg-emerald-50 text-emerald-700 dark:border-emerald-500/40 dark:bg-emerald-500/10 dark:text-emerald-200"
+					? "border-green-200 bg-green-50 text-green-700 dark:border-green-500/40 dark:bg-green-500/10 dark:text-green-200"
 					: "border-muted bg-muted/40 text-muted-foreground dark:border-muted/60 dark:bg-muted/10",
 			)}
 		>

app/client/components/release-notes-dialog.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-import { format } from "date-fns";
 import ReactMarkdown from "react-markdown";
 import remarkGfm from "remark-gfm";
 import { Dialog, DialogContent, DialogDescription, DialogHeader, DialogTitle } from "~/client/components/ui/dialog";
 import { ScrollArea } from "~/client/components/ui/scroll-area";
+import { formatDate } from "~/client/lib/datetime";
 import type { UpdateInfoDto } from "~/server/modules/system/system.dto";
 
 interface ReleaseNotesDialogProps {
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export function ReleaseNotesDialog({ open, onOpenChange, updates }: ReleaseNotes
 							<div key={release.version} className="space-y-4">
 								<div className="flex items-center justify-between border-b pb-2">
 									<h3 className="text-lg font-bold text-foreground">{release.version}</h3>
-									<span className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">{format(new Date(release.publishedAt), "PPP")}</span>
+									<span className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">{formatDate(release.publishedAt)}</span>
 								</div>
 								<div className="prose prose-sm dark:prose-invert max-w-none prose-pre:bg-muted prose-pre:text-muted-foreground prose-a:text-primary hover:prose-a:underline wrap-anywhere text-wrap prose-pre:whitespace-pre-wrap prose-pre:wrap-anywhere">
 									<ReactMarkdown remarkPlugins={[remarkGfm]}>{release.body}</ReactMarkdown>

app/client/components/snapshots-table.tsx

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import {
 } from "~/client/components/ui/dialog";
 import { Select, SelectContent, SelectItem, SelectTrigger, SelectValue } from "~/client/components/ui/select";
 import { formatDuration } from "~/utils/utils";
+import { formatDateTime } from "~/client/lib/datetime";
 import { deleteSnapshotsMutation, tagSnapshotsMutation } from "~/client/api-client/@tanstack/react-query.gen";
 import { parseError } from "~/client/lib/errors";
 import type { BackupSchedule, Snapshot } from "../lib/types";
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ export const SnapshotsTable = ({ snapshots, repositoryId, backups }: Props) => {
 									<TableCell>
 										<div className="flex items-center gap-2">
 											<Calendar className="h-4 w-4 text-muted-foreground" />
-											<span className="text-sm">{new Date(snapshot.time).toLocaleString()}</span>
+											<span className="text-sm">{formatDateTime(snapshot.time)}</span>
 										</div>
 									</TableCell>
 									<TableCell>

app/client/lib/datetime.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+import { formatDistanceToNow, isValid } from "date-fns";
+
+// 1/10/2026, 2:30 PM
+export function formatDateTime(date: Date | string | number | null | undefined): string {
+	if (!date) return "Never";
+	const d = new Date(date);
+	if (!isValid(d)) return "Invalid Date";
+
+	return Intl.DateTimeFormat(navigator.languages, {
+		month: "numeric",
+		day: "numeric",
+		year: "numeric",
+		hour: "numeric",
+		minute: "numeric",
+	}).format(d);
+}
+
+// Jan 10, 2026
+export function formatDateWithMonth(date: Date | string | number | null | undefined): string {
+	if (!date) return "Never";
+	const d = new Date(date);
+	if (!isValid(d)) return "Invalid Date";
+	return Intl.DateTimeFormat(navigator.languages, {
+		month: "short",
+		day: "numeric",
+		year: "numeric",
+	}).format(d);
+}
+
+// 1/10/2026
+export function formatDate(date: Date | string | number | null | undefined): string {
+	if (!date) return "Never";
+	const d = new Date(date);
+	if (!isValid(d)) return "Invalid Date";
+
+	return Intl.DateTimeFormat(navigator.languages, {
+		month: "numeric",
+		day: "numeric",
+		year: "numeric",
+	}).format(d);
+}
+
+// 1/10
+export function formatShortDate(date: Date | string | number | null | undefined): string {
+	if (!date) return "Never";
+	const d = new Date(date);
+	if (!isValid(d)) return "Invalid Date";
+
+	return Intl.DateTimeFormat(navigator.languages, {
+		month: "numeric",
+		day: "numeric",
+	}).format(d);
+}
+
+// 1/10, 2:30 PM
+export function formatShortDateTime(date: Date | string | number | null | undefined): string {
+	if (!date) return "Never";
+	const d = new Date(date);
+	if (!isValid(d)) return "Invalid Date";
+
+	return Intl.DateTimeFormat(navigator.languages, {
+		month: "numeric",
+		day: "numeric",
+		hour: "numeric",
+		minute: "numeric",
+	}).format(d);
+}
+
+// 2:30 PM
+export function formatTime(date: Date | string | number | null | undefined): string {
+	if (!date) return "Never";
+	const d = new Date(date);
+	if (!isValid(d)) return "Invalid Date";
+
+	return Intl.DateTimeFormat(navigator.languages, {
+		hour: "numeric",
+		minute: "numeric",
+	}).format(d);
+}
+
+// 5 minutes ago
+export function formatTimeAgo(date: Date | string | number | null | undefined): string {
+	if (!date) return "Never";
+	const d = new Date(date);
+	if (!isValid(d)) return "Invalid Date";
+
+	const timeAgo = formatDistanceToNow(d, {
+		addSuffix: true,
+	});
+
+	return timeAgo;
+}

app/client/modules/backups/components/backup-card.tsx

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { Link } from "react-router";
 import { Card, CardContent, CardDescription, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "~/client/components/ui/card";
 import type { BackupSchedule } from "~/client/lib/types";
 import { BackupStatusDot } from "./backup-status-dot";
+import { formatShortDateTime, formatTimeAgo } from "~/client/lib/datetime";
 
 export const BackupCard = ({ schedule }: { schedule: BackupSchedule }) => {
 	return (
@@ -36,15 +37,11 @@ export const BackupCard = ({ schedule }: { schedule: BackupSchedule }) => {
 						</div>
 						<div className="flex items-center justify-between text-sm">
 							<span className="text-muted-foreground">Last backup</span>
-							<span className="font-medium">
+							<span className="font-medium">{formatTimeAgo(schedule.lastBackupAt)}</span>
-								{schedule.lastBackupAt ? new Date(schedule.lastBackupAt).toLocaleDateString() : "Never"}
-							</span>
 						</div>
 						<div className="flex items-center justify-between text-sm">
 							<span className="text-muted-foreground">Next backup</span>
-							<span className="font-medium">
+							<span className="font-medium">{formatShortDateTime(schedule.nextBackupAt)}</span>
-								{schedule.nextBackupAt ? new Date(schedule.nextBackupAt).toLocaleDateString() : "N/A"}
-							</span>
 						</div>
 					</div>
 				</CardContent>

app/client/modules/backups/components/schedule-summary.tsx

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import { useMutation } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 import { toast } from "sonner";
 import { parseError } from "~/client/lib/errors";
 import { Link } from "react-router";
+import { formatShortDateTime, formatTimeAgo } from "~/client/lib/datetime";
 
 type Props = {
 	schedule: BackupSchedule;
@@ -155,15 +156,11 @@ export const ScheduleSummary = (props: Props) => {
 					</div>
 					<div>
 						<p className="text-xs uppercase text-muted-foreground">Last backup</p>
-						<p className="font-medium">
+						<p className="font-medium">{formatTimeAgo(schedule.lastBackupAt)}</p>
-							{schedule.lastBackupAt ? new Date(schedule.lastBackupAt).toLocaleString() : "Never"}
-						</p>
 					</div>
 					<div>
 						<p className="text-xs uppercase text-muted-foreground">Next backup</p>
-						<p className="font-medium">
+						<p className="font-medium">{formatShortDateTime(schedule.nextBackupAt)}</p>
-							{schedule.nextBackupAt ? new Date(schedule.nextBackupAt).toLocaleString() : "Never"}
-						</p>
 					</div>
 
 					<div>

app/client/modules/backups/components/snapshot-file-browser.tsx

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { Card, CardContent, CardDescription, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "~/cli
 import { Button, buttonVariants } from "~/client/components/ui/button";
 import type { Snapshot } from "~/client/lib/types";
 import { listSnapshotFilesOptions } from "~/client/api-client/@tanstack/react-query.gen";
+import { formatDateTime } from "~/client/lib/datetime";
 import { useFileBrowser } from "~/client/hooks/use-file-browser";
 import { cn } from "~/client/lib/utils";
 
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ export const SnapshotFileBrowser = (props: Props) => {
 							<CardTitle>File Browser</CardTitle>
 							<CardDescription
 								className={cn({ hidden: !snapshot.time })}
-							>{`Viewing snapshot from ${new Date(snapshot?.time ?? 0).toLocaleString()}`}</CardDescription>
+							>{`Viewing snapshot from ${formatDateTime(snapshot?.time)}`}</CardDescription>
 						</div>
 						<div className="flex gap-2">
 							<Link

app/client/modules/backups/components/snapshot-timeline.tsx

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-import { cn } from "~/client/lib/utils";
-import { Card, CardContent } from "~/client/components/ui/card";
-import { ByteSize } from "~/client/components/bytes-size";
 import { useEffect } from "react";
 import type { ListSnapshotsResponse } from "~/client/api-client";
+import { ByteSize } from "~/client/components/bytes-size";
+import { Card, CardContent } from "~/client/components/ui/card";
+import { formatDateWithMonth, formatShortDate, formatTime } from "~/client/lib/datetime";
+import { cn } from "~/client/lib/utils";
 
 interface Props {
 	snapshots: ListSnapshotsResponse;
@@ -76,12 +77,8 @@ export const SnapshotTimeline = (props: Props) => {
 											},
 										)}
 									>
-										<div className="text-xs font-semibold text-foreground">
+										<div className="text-xs font-semibold text-foreground">{formatShortDate(date)}</div>
-											{date.toLocaleDateString("en-US", { month: "short", day: "numeric" })}
+										<div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">{formatTime(date)}</div>
-										</div>
-										<div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">
-											{date.toLocaleTimeString("en-US", { hour: "2-digit", minute: "2-digit" })}
-										</div>
 										<div className="text-xs text-muted-foreground opacity-75">
 											<ByteSize bytes={snapshot.size} />
 										</div>
@@ -98,8 +95,7 @@ export const SnapshotTimeline = (props: Props) => {
 				<div className="px-4 py-2 text-xs text-muted-foreground bg-card-header border-t border-border flex justify-between">
 					<span>{snapshots.length} snapshots</span>
 					<span>
-						{new Date(snapshots[0].time).toLocaleDateString()} -{" "}
+						{formatDateWithMonth(snapshots[0].time)}&nbsp;-&nbsp;{formatDateWithMonth(snapshots.at(-1)?.time)}
-						{new Date(snapshots.at(-1)?.time ?? 0).toLocaleDateString()}
 					</span>
 				</div>
 			</div>

app/client/modules/repositories/routes/snapshot-details.tsx

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { redirect, useParams, Link, Await } from "react-router";
 import { listBackupSchedulesOptions, listSnapshotFilesOptions } from "~/client/api-client/@tanstack/react-query.gen";
 import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "~/client/components/ui/card";
 import { SnapshotFileBrowser } from "~/client/modules/backups/components/snapshot-file-browser";
+import { formatDateTime } from "~/client/lib/datetime";
 import { getRepository, getSnapshotDetails } from "~/client/api-client";
 import type { Route } from "./+types/snapshot-details";
 import { Suspense } from "react";
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ export default function SnapshotDetailsPage({ loaderData }: Route.ComponentProps
 							</div>
 							<div>
 								<span className="text-muted-foreground">Time:</span>
-								<p>{new Date(data.snapshot.time).toLocaleString()}</p>
+								<p>{formatDateTime(data.snapshot.time)}</p>
 							</div>
 							<Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}>
 								<Await resolve={loaderData.snapshot}>

app/client/modules/repositories/tabs/info.tsx

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {
 } from "~/client/components/ui/alert-dialog";
 import type { Repository } from "~/client/lib/types";
 import { REPOSITORY_BASE } from "~/client/lib/constants";
+import { formatDateTime, formatTimeAgo } from "~/client/lib/datetime";
 import { updateRepositoryMutation } from "~/client/api-client/@tanstack/react-query.gen";
 import type { CompressionMode, RepositoryConfig } from "~/schemas/restic";
 
@@ -131,13 +132,11 @@ export const RepositoryInfoTabContent = ({ repository }: Props) => {
 							)}
 							<div>
 								<div className="text-sm font-medium text-muted-foreground">Created at</div>
-								<p className="mt-1 text-sm">{new Date(repository.createdAt).toLocaleString()}</p>
+								<p className="mt-1 text-sm">{formatDateTime(repository.createdAt)}</p>
 							</div>
 							<div>
 								<div className="text-sm font-medium text-muted-foreground">Last checked</div>
-								<p className="mt-1 text-sm">
+								<p className="mt-1 text-sm">{formatTimeAgo(repository.lastChecked)}</p>
-									{repository.lastChecked ? new Date(repository.lastChecked).toLocaleString() : "Never"}
-								</p>
 							</div>
 							{config.cacert && (
 								<div>

app/client/modules/volumes/components/healthchecks-card.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import { useMutation } from "@tanstack/react-query";
-import { formatDistanceToNow } from "date-fns";
 import { Activity, HeartIcon } from "lucide-react";
 import { toast } from "sonner";
 import { healthCheckVolumeMutation, updateVolumeMutation } from "~/client/api-client/@tanstack/react-query.gen";
 import { OnOff } from "~/client/components/onoff";
 import { Button } from "~/client/components/ui/button";
 import { Card, CardContent, CardDescription, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "~/client/components/ui/card";
+import { formatTimeAgo } from "~/client/lib/datetime";
 import type { Volume } from "~/client/lib/types";
 
 type Props = {
@@ -13,10 +13,6 @@ type Props = {
 };
 
 export const HealthchecksCard = ({ volume }: Props) => {
-	const timeAgo = formatDistanceToNow(volume.lastHealthCheck, {
-		addSuffix: true,
-	});
-
 	const healthcheck = useMutation({
 		...healthCheckVolumeMutation(),
 		onSuccess: (d) => {
@@ -55,9 +51,9 @@ export const HealthchecksCard = ({ volume }: Props) => {
 			<CardContent>
 				<div className="flex flex-col flex-1 justify-start">
 					{volume.lastError && <span className="text-sm text-red-500 wrap-break-word">{volume.lastError}</span>}
-					{volume.status === "mounted" && <span className="text-md text-emerald-500">Healthy</span>}
+					{volume.status === "mounted" && <span className="text-md text-green-500">Healthy</span>}
 					{volume.status !== "unmounted" && (
-						<span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mb-4">Checked {timeAgo || "never"}</span>
+						<span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground mb-4">Checked {formatTimeAgo(volume.lastHealthCheck)}</span>
 					)}
 					<span className="flex justify-between items-center gap-2">
 						<span className="text-sm">Remount on error</span>