[Enhancement] Add rate limiting to yt-dlp requests; prevent saving Media Items when throttled by YouTube (#559)

* Added sleep interval to settings

* Added new sleep setting to yt-dlp runner and added tests

* Added setting for form; updated setting name

* Updated form label

* Prevented saving/updating of media items if being throttled by youtube

* Added the bot message to the list of non-retryable errors

* Fixed typo

lib/pinchflat/downloading/media_download_worker.ex

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.Downloading.MediaDownloadWorker do
   defp action_on_error(message) do
     # This will attempt re-download at the next indexing, but it won't be retried
     # immediately as part of job failure logic
-    non_retryable_errors = ["Video unavailable"]
+    non_retryable_errors = ["Video unavailable", "Sign in to confirm"]
 
     if String.contains?(to_string(message), non_retryable_errors) do
       Logger.error("yt-dlp download will not be retried: #{inspect(message)}")

lib/pinchflat/media/media_item.ex

@@ -112,6 +112,9 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.Media.MediaItem do
     |> dynamic_default(:uuid, fn _ -> Ecto.UUID.generate() end)
     |> update_upload_date_index()
     |> validate_required(@required_fields)
+    # Validate that the title does NOT start with "youtube video #" since that indicates a restriction by YouTube.
+    # See issue #549 for more information.
+    |> validate_format(:title, ~r/^(?!youtube video #)/)
     |> unique_constraint([:media_id, :source_id])
   end
 

lib/pinchflat/settings/setting.ex

@@ -14,15 +14,17 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.Settings.Setting do
     :apprise_server,
     :video_codec_preference,
     :audio_codec_preference,
-    :youtube_api_key
+    :youtube_api_key,
+    :extractor_sleep_interval_seconds
   ]
 
-  @required_fields ~w(
+  @required_fields [
-    onboarding
+    :onboarding,
-    pro_enabled
+    :pro_enabled,
-    video_codec_preference
+    :video_codec_preference,
-    audio_codec_preference
+    :audio_codec_preference,
-  )a
+    :extractor_sleep_interval_seconds
+  ]
 
   schema "settings" do
     field :onboarding, :boolean, default: true
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.Settings.Setting do
     field :apprise_server, :string
     field :youtube_api_key, :string
     field :route_token, :string
+    field :extractor_sleep_interval_seconds, :integer, default: 0
 
     field :video_codec_preference, :string
     field :audio_codec_preference, :string
@@ -42,5 +45,6 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.Settings.Setting do
     setting
     |> cast(attrs, @allowed_fields)
     |> validate_required(@required_fields)
+    |> validate_number(:extractor_sleep_interval_seconds, greater_than: 0)
   end
 end

lib/pinchflat/sources/sources.ex

@@ -180,9 +180,12 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.Sources do
   end
 
   defp add_source_details_to_changeset(source, changeset) do
+    original_url = changeset.changes.original_url
     use_cookies = Ecto.Changeset.get_field(changeset, :use_cookies)
+    # Skipping sleep interval since this is UI blocking and we want to keep this as fast as possible
+    addl_opts = [use_cookies: use_cookies, skip_sleep_interval: true]
 
-    case MediaCollection.get_source_details(changeset.changes.original_url, [], use_cookies: use_cookies) do
+    case MediaCollection.get_source_details(original_url, [], addl_opts) do
       {:ok, source_details} ->
         add_source_details_by_collection_type(source, changeset, source_details)
 

lib/pinchflat/utils/number_utils.ex

@@ -36,4 +36,18 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.Utils.NumberUtils do
       end
     end)
   end
+
+  @doc """
+  Adds jitter to a number based on a percentage. Returns 0 if the number is less than or equal to 0.
+
+  Returns integer()
+  """
+  def add_jitter(num, jitter_percentage \\ 0.5)
+  def add_jitter(num, _jitter_percentage) when num <= 0, do: 0
+
+  def add_jitter(num, jitter_percentage) do
+    jitter = :rand.uniform(round(num * jitter_percentage))
+
+    round(num + jitter)
+  end
 end

lib/pinchflat/yt_dlp/command_runner.ex

@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.YtDlp.CommandRunner do
 
   require Logger
 
+  alias Pinchflat.Settings
   alias Pinchflat.Utils.CliUtils
+  alias Pinchflat.Utils.NumberUtils
   alias Pinchflat.YtDlp.YtDlpCommandRunner
   alias Pinchflat.Utils.FilesystemUtils, as: FSUtils
 
@@ -22,23 +24,23 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.YtDlp.CommandRunner do
       for a file watcher.
     - :use_cookies - if true, will add a cookie file to the command options. Will not
       attach a cookie file if the user hasn't set one up.
+    - :skip_sleep_interval - if true, will not add the sleep interval options to the command.
+      Usually only used for commands that would be UI-blocking
 
   Returns {:ok, binary()} | {:error, output, status}.
   """
   @impl YtDlpCommandRunner
   def run(url, action_name, command_opts, output_template, addl_opts \\ []) do
     Logger.debug("Running yt-dlp command for action: #{action_name}")
-    # This approach lets us mock the command for testing
-    command = backend_executable()
 
     output_filepath = generate_output_filepath(addl_opts)
     print_to_file_opts = [{:print_to_file, output_template}, output_filepath]
-    user_configured_opts = cookie_file_options(addl_opts)
+    user_configured_opts = cookie_file_options(addl_opts) ++ sleep_interval_opts(addl_opts)
     # These must stay in exactly this order, hence why I'm giving it its own variable.
     all_opts = command_opts ++ print_to_file_opts ++ user_configured_opts ++ global_options()
     formatted_command_opts = [url] ++ CliUtils.parse_options(all_opts)
 
-    case CliUtils.wrap_cmd(command, formatted_command_opts, stderr_to_stdout: true) do
+    case CliUtils.wrap_cmd(backend_executable(), formatted_command_opts, stderr_to_stdout: true) do
       # yt-dlp exit codes:
       #   0 = Everything is successful
       #   100 = yt-dlp must restart for update to complete
@@ -96,6 +98,20 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.YtDlp.CommandRunner do
     end
   end
 
+  defp sleep_interval_opts(addl_opts) do
+    sleep_interval = Settings.get!(:extractor_sleep_interval_seconds)
+
+    if sleep_interval <= 0 || Keyword.get(addl_opts, :skip_sleep_interval) do
+      []
+    else
+      [
+        sleep_requests: NumberUtils.add_jitter(sleep_interval),
+        sleep_interval: NumberUtils.add_jitter(sleep_interval),
+        sleep_subtitles: NumberUtils.add_jitter(sleep_interval)
+      ]
+    end
+  end
+
   defp add_cookie_file do
     base_dir = Application.get_env(:pinchflat, :extras_directory)
     filename_options_map = %{cookies: "cookies.txt"}

lib/pinchflat_web/controllers/settings/setting_html/setting_form.html.heex

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <section class="mt-8">
     <section>
       <h3 class="text-2xl text-black dark:text-white">
-        Indexing Settings
+        Extractor Settings
       </h3>
 
       <.input
@@ -41,6 +41,14 @@
         html_help={true}
         inputclass="font-mono text-sm mr-4"
       />
+
+      <.input
+        field={f[:extractor_sleep_interval_seconds]}
+        placeholder="0"
+        type="number"
+        label="Sleep Interval (seconds)"
+        help="Sleep interval in seconds between each extractor request. Must be a positive whole number (or set to 0 to disable)"
+      />
     </section>
   </section>
 

priv/repo/migrations/20250110231704_add_extractor_sleep_interval_to_settings.exs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+defmodule Pinchflat.Repo.Migrations.AddExtractorSleepIntervalToSettings do
+  use Ecto.Migration
+
+  def change do
+    alter table(:settings) do
+      add :extractor_sleep_interval_seconds, :number, null: false, default: 0
+    end
+  end
+end

test/pinchflat/downloading/media_download_worker_test.exs

@@ -127,6 +127,19 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.Downloading.MediaDownloadWorkerTest do
       end)
     end
 
+    test "does not set the job to retryable if youtube thinks you're a bot", %{media_item: media_item} do
+      expect(YtDlpRunnerMock, :run, 2, fn
+        _url, :get_downloadable_status, _opts, _ot, _addl -> {:ok, "{}"}
+        _url, :download, _opts, _ot, _addl -> {:error, "Sign in to confirm you're not a bot", 1}
+      end)
+
+      Oban.Testing.with_testing_mode(:inline, fn ->
+        {:ok, job} = Oban.insert(MediaDownloadWorker.new(%{id: media_item.id, quality_upgrade?: true}))
+
+        assert job.state == "completed"
+      end)
+    end
+
     test "it ensures error are returned in a 2-item tuple", %{media_item: media_item} do
       expect(YtDlpRunnerMock, :run, 2, fn
         _url, :get_downloadable_status, _opts, _ot, _addl -> {:ok, "{}"}

test/pinchflat/media_test.exs

@@ -921,6 +921,14 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.MediaTest do
       media_item = media_item_fixture()
       assert %Ecto.Changeset{} = Media.change_media_item(media_item)
     end
+
+    test "validates the title doesn't start with 'youtube video #'" do
+      # This is to account for youtube restricting indexing. See issue #549 for more
+      media_item = media_item_fixture()
+
+      assert %Ecto.Changeset{valid?: false} = Media.change_media_item(media_item, %{title: "youtube video #123"})
+      assert %Ecto.Changeset{valid?: true} = Media.change_media_item(media_item, %{title: "any other title"})
+    end
   end
 
   describe "change_media_item/1 when testing upload_date_index and source is a channel" do

test/pinchflat/settings_test.exs

@@ -77,5 +77,13 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.SettingsTest do
 
       assert %Ecto.Changeset{} = Settings.change_setting(setting, %{onboarding: true})
     end
+
+    test "ensures the extractor sleep interval is positive" do
+      setting = Settings.record()
+
+      assert %Ecto.Changeset{valid?: true} = Settings.change_setting(setting, %{extractor_sleep_interval_seconds: 1})
+      assert %Ecto.Changeset{valid?: true} = Settings.change_setting(setting, %{extractor_sleep_interval_seconds: 0})
+      assert %Ecto.Changeset{valid?: false} = Settings.change_setting(setting, %{extractor_sleep_interval_seconds: -1})
+    end
   end
 end

test/pinchflat/slow_indexing/slow_indexing_helpers_test.exs

@@ -290,6 +290,29 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.SlowIndexing.SlowIndexingHelpersTest do
       assert %Ecto.Changeset{} = changeset
     end
 
+    test "doesn't blow up if the media item cannot be saved", %{source: source} do
+      stub(YtDlpRunnerMock, :run, fn _url, :get_media_attributes_for_collection, _opts, _ot, _addl_opts ->
+        response =
+          Phoenix.json_library().encode!(%{
+            id: "video1",
+            # This is a disallowed title - see MediaItem changeset or issue #549
+            title: "youtube video #123",
+            original_url: "https://example.com/video1",
+            live_status: "not_live",
+            description: "desc1",
+            aspect_ratio: 1.67,
+            duration: 12.34,
+            upload_date: "20210101"
+          })
+
+        {:ok, response}
+      end)
+
+      assert [changeset] = SlowIndexingHelpers.index_and_enqueue_download_for_media_items(source)
+
+      assert %Ecto.Changeset{} = changeset
+    end
+
     test "passes the source's download options to the yt-dlp runner", %{source: source} do
       expect(YtDlpRunnerMock, :run, fn _url, :get_media_attributes_for_collection, opts, _ot, _addl_opts ->
         assert {:output, "/tmp/test/media/%(title)S.%(ext)S"} in opts

test/pinchflat/sources_test.exs

@@ -354,7 +354,56 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.SourcesTest do
     end
   end
 
-  describe "create_source/2 when testing options" do
+  describe "create_source/2 when testing yt-dlp options" do
+    test "sets use_cookies to true if the source has been set to use cookies" do
+      expect(YtDlpRunnerMock, :run, fn _url, :get_source_details, _opts, _ot, addl ->
+        assert Keyword.get(addl, :use_cookies)
+
+        {:ok, playlist_return()}
+      end)
+
+      valid_attrs = %{
+        media_profile_id: media_profile_fixture().id,
+        original_url: "https://www.youtube.com/channel/abc123",
+        use_cookies: true
+      }
+
+      assert {:ok, %Source{}} = Sources.create_source(valid_attrs)
+    end
+
+    test "does not set use_cookies to false if the source has not been set to use cookies" do
+      expect(YtDlpRunnerMock, :run, fn _url, :get_source_details, _opts, _ot, addl ->
+        refute Keyword.get(addl, :use_cookies)
+
+        {:ok, playlist_return()}
+      end)
+
+      valid_attrs = %{
+        media_profile_id: media_profile_fixture().id,
+        original_url: "https://www.youtube.com/channel/abc123",
+        use_cookies: false
+      }
+
+      assert {:ok, %Source{}} = Sources.create_source(valid_attrs)
+    end
+
+    test "skips sleep interval" do
+      expect(YtDlpRunnerMock, :run, fn _url, :get_source_details, _opts, _ot, addl ->
+        assert Keyword.get(addl, :skip_sleep_interval)
+
+        {:ok, playlist_return()}
+      end)
+
+      valid_attrs = %{
+        media_profile_id: media_profile_fixture().id,
+        original_url: "https://www.youtube.com/channel/abc123"
+      }
+
+      assert {:ok, %Source{}} = Sources.create_source(valid_attrs)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "create_source/2 when testing its options" do
     test "run_post_commit_tasks: false won't enqueue post-commit tasks" do
       expect(YtDlpRunnerMock, :run, &channel_mock/5)
 
@@ -902,28 +951,30 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.SourcesTest do
   end
 
   defp playlist_mock(_url, :get_source_details, _opts, _ot, _addl) do
-    {
+    {:ok, playlist_return()}
-      :ok,
-      Phoenix.json_library().encode!(%{
-        channel: nil,
-        channel_id: nil,
-        playlist_id: "some_playlist_id_#{:rand.uniform(1_000_000)}",
-        playlist_title: "some playlist name"
-      })
-    }
   end
 
   defp channel_mock(_url, :get_source_details, _opts, _ot, _addl) do
+    {:ok, channel_return()}
+  end
+
+  defp playlist_return do
+    Phoenix.json_library().encode!(%{
+      channel: nil,
+      channel_id: nil,
+      playlist_id: "some_playlist_id_#{:rand.uniform(1_000_000)}",
+      playlist_title: "some playlist name"
+    })
+  end
+
+  defp channel_return do
     channel_id = "some_channel_id_#{:rand.uniform(1_000_000)}"
 
-    {
+    Phoenix.json_library().encode!(%{
-      :ok,
+      channel: "some channel name",
-      Phoenix.json_library().encode!(%{
+      channel_id: channel_id,
-        channel: "some channel name",
+      playlist_id: channel_id,
-        channel_id: channel_id,
+      playlist_title: "some channel name - videos"
-        playlist_id: channel_id,
+    })
-        playlist_title: "some channel name - videos"
-      })
-    }
   end
 end

test/pinchflat/utils/number_utils_test.exs

@@ -47,4 +47,21 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.Utils.NumberUtilsTest do
       assert NumberUtils.human_byte_size(nil) == {0, "B"}
     end
   end
+
+  describe "add_jitter/2" do
+    test "returns 0 when the number is less than or equal to 0" do
+      assert NumberUtils.add_jitter(0) == 0
+      assert NumberUtils.add_jitter(-1) == 0
+    end
+
+    test "returns the number with jitter added" do
+      assert NumberUtils.add_jitter(100) in 100..150
+    end
+
+    test "optionally takes a jitter percentage" do
+      assert NumberUtils.add_jitter(100, 0.1) in 90..110
+      assert NumberUtils.add_jitter(100, 0.5) in 50..150
+      assert NumberUtils.add_jitter(100, 1) in 0..200
+    end
+  end
 end

test/pinchflat/yt_dlp/command_runner_test.exs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 defmodule Pinchflat.YtDlp.CommandRunnerTest do
   use Pinchflat.DataCase
 
+  alias Pinchflat.Settings
   alias Pinchflat.Utils.FilesystemUtils
 
   alias Pinchflat.YtDlp.CommandRunner, as: Runner
@@ -95,6 +96,36 @@ defmodule Pinchflat.YtDlp.CommandRunnerTest do
     end
   end
 
+  describe "run/4 when testing sleep interval options" do
+    test "includes sleep interval options by default" do
+      Settings.set(extractor_sleep_interval_seconds: 5)
+
+      assert {:ok, output} = Runner.run(@media_url, :foo, [], "")
+
+      assert String.contains?(output, "--sleep-interval")
+      assert String.contains?(output, "--sleep-requests")
+      assert String.contains?(output, "--sleep-subtitles")
+    end
+
+    test "doesn't include sleep interval options when skip_sleep_interval is true" do
+      assert {:ok, output} = Runner.run(@media_url, :foo, [], "", skip_sleep_interval: true)
+
+      refute String.contains?(output, "--sleep-interval")
+      refute String.contains?(output, "--sleep-requests")
+      refute String.contains?(output, "--sleep-subtitles")
+    end
+
+    test "doesn't include sleep interval options when extractor_sleep_interval_seconds is 0" do
+      Settings.set(extractor_sleep_interval_seconds: 0)
+
+      assert {:ok, output} = Runner.run(@media_url, :foo, [], "")
+
+      refute String.contains?(output, "--sleep-interval")
+      refute String.contains?(output, "--sleep-requests")
+      refute String.contains?(output, "--sleep-subtitles")
+    end
+  end
+
   describe "run/4 when testing global options" do
     test "creates windows-safe filenames" do
       assert {:ok, output} = Runner.run(@media_url, :foo, [], "")