diff --git a/public/js/audioBackup.js b/public/js/audioBackup.js
index fb1fb3b..62573e9 100644
--- a/public/js/audioBackup.js
+++ b/public/js/audioBackup.js
@@ -251,28 +251,74 @@ var _db = null;
     var container = document.getElementById('audio-backups-list');
     if (!container) return;
     getAudioBackups().then(function(backups) {
+      container.textContent = '';
       if (backups.length === 0) {
-        container.innerHTML = '<p style="color:var(--g400);font-size:13px;">No audio backups. Recordings are saved automatically to the server and kept for 24 hours.</p>';
+        var empty = document.createElement('p');
+        empty.style.color = 'var(--g400)';
+        empty.style.fontSize = '13px';
+        empty.textContent = 'No audio backups. Recordings are saved automatically to the server and kept for 24 hours.';
+        container.appendChild(empty);
         return;
       }
-      container.innerHTML = backups.map(function(b) {
+      backups.forEach(function(b) {
         var date = new Date(b.timestamp);
         var sizeKb = Math.round(b.size / 1024);
         var age = Math.round((Date.now() - b.timestamp) / 60000);
         var ageStr = age < 60 ? age + 'm ago' : Math.round(age / 60) + 'h ago';
-        var sourceTag = b.source === 'server'
-          ? '<span style="font-size:10px;padding:1px 5px;border-radius:3px;background:var(--blue-light);color:var(--blue);">server</span>'
-          : '<span style="font-size:10px;padding:1px 5px;border-radius:3px;background:var(--g100);color:var(--g500);">local</span>';
         var compInfo = b.compressedSize ? ' (' + Math.round(b.compressedSize / 1024) + ' KB compressed)' : '';
-        return '<div class="saved-enc-item" style="padding:8px 12px;">' +
-          '<div style="flex:1;">' +
-            '<div style="font-weight:600;font-size:13px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;">' + esc(b.module) + ' recording ' + sourceTag + '</div>' +
-            '<div style="font-size:11px;color:var(--g500);">' + date.toLocaleString() + ' · ' + sizeKb + ' KB' + compInfo + ' · ' + ageStr + '</div>' +
-          '</div>' +
-          '<button class="btn-sm btn-primary audio-backup-retry" data-id="' + b.id + '"><i class="fas fa-rotate-right"></i> Retry</button>' +
-          '<button class="btn-sm btn-ghost audio-backup-delete" data-id="' + b.id + '" style="color:var(--red);"><i class="fas fa-trash"></i></button>' +
-        '</div>';
-      }).join('');
+        var row = document.createElement('div');
+        row.className = 'saved-enc-item';
+        row.style.padding = '8px 12px';
+
+        var body = document.createElement('div');
+        body.style.flex = '1';
+
+        var title = document.createElement('div');
+        title.style.fontWeight = '600';
+        title.style.fontSize = '13px';
+        title.style.display = 'flex';
+        title.style.alignItems = 'center';
+        title.style.gap = '6px';
+        title.appendChild(document.createTextNode((b.module || '') + ' recording '));
+
+        var sourceTag = document.createElement('span');
+        sourceTag.style.fontSize = '10px';
+        sourceTag.style.padding = '1px 5px';
+        sourceTag.style.borderRadius = '3px';
+        sourceTag.style.background = b.source === 'server' ? 'var(--blue-light)' : 'var(--g100)';
+        sourceTag.style.color = b.source === 'server' ? 'var(--blue)' : 'var(--g500)';
+        sourceTag.textContent = b.source === 'server' ? 'server' : 'local';
+        title.appendChild(sourceTag);
+
+        var meta = document.createElement('div');
+        meta.style.fontSize = '11px';
+        meta.style.color = 'var(--g500)';
+        meta.textContent = date.toLocaleString() + ' · ' + sizeKb + ' KB' + compInfo + ' · ' + ageStr;
+
+        body.appendChild(title);
+        body.appendChild(meta);
+
+        var retryBtn = document.createElement('button');
+        retryBtn.className = 'btn-sm btn-primary audio-backup-retry';
+        retryBtn.dataset.id = b.id;
+        var retryIcon = document.createElement('i');
+        retryIcon.className = 'fas fa-rotate-right';
+        retryBtn.appendChild(retryIcon);
+        retryBtn.appendChild(document.createTextNode(' Retry'));
+
+        var deleteBtn = document.createElement('button');
+        deleteBtn.className = 'btn-sm btn-ghost audio-backup-delete';
+        deleteBtn.dataset.id = b.id;
+        deleteBtn.style.color = 'var(--red)';
+        var deleteIcon = document.createElement('i');
+        deleteIcon.className = 'fas fa-trash';
+        deleteBtn.appendChild(deleteIcon);
+
+        row.appendChild(body);
+        row.appendChild(retryBtn);
+        row.appendChild(deleteBtn);
+        container.appendChild(row);
+      });
       container.querySelectorAll('.audio-backup-retry').forEach(function(btn) {
         btn.addEventListener('click', function() { retryAudioBackup(btn.dataset.id); });
       });
@@ -287,9 +333,4 @@ var _db = null;
     });
   };
 
-  function esc(str) {
-    if (!str) return '';
-    return String(str).replace(/&/g, '&amp;').replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;');
-  }
-
 cleanupOldLocalBackups();
diff --git a/test/transcription-memory-policy.test.js b/test/transcription-memory-policy.test.js
index a76f7b6..248c554 100644
--- a/test/transcription-memory-policy.test.js
+++ b/test/transcription-memory-policy.test.js
@@ -62,3 +62,11 @@ test('browser speech recognition is gated by explicit user setting', () => {
   const speechFactory = app.match(/function createSpeechRecognition\(\) \{[\s\S]*?\n\}/)[0];
   assert.match(speechFactory, /window\.WebSpeechRecognition && !window\.WebSpeechRecognition\.isEnabled\(\)/);
 });
+
+test('audio backup settings render without dynamic HTML templates', () => {
+  const audioBackup = read('public/js/audioBackup.js');
+  const renderer = audioBackup.match(/window\.renderAudioBackups = function\(\) \{[\s\S]*?\n  \};/)[0];
+  assert.doesNotMatch(renderer, /innerHTML/);
+  assert.match(renderer, /document\.createElement\('button'\)/);
+  assert.match(renderer, /textContent =/);
+});