This adds a new palette sorting algorithm that attempts to minimise
entropy by an approximate solution to the Traveling Salesman Problem.
The algorithm comes from "An efficient Re-indexing algorithm for
color-mapped images" by Battiato et al
(https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1344033).
It's fast and effective and works in addition to the luma sort (which
remains the single most effective sort). In order to keep lower presets
fast though, I've only enabled this for o3 and higher.
Results on a set of 190 indexed images at `-o5`:
18,932,727 bytes - master
18,578,306 bytes - PR
18,559,863 bytes - PR + #509
(These images may be particularly suited to alternative sorting methods
- the gains here are not necessarily what should be expected on average)
Note I looked into the 120 different palette sorting methods from
TruePNG, as mentioned in #74 (and seen in action in the Zopfli KrzYmod
fork). They're... largely ineffective. The combination of all 120
methods are outperformed by just the existing luma sort plus this new
one. That's not to say there's nothing further to be gained from them,
but trying to brute force all the combinations definitely seems like a
bad idea. There are other algorithms I hope to explore in future...
@ace-dent Thought this might interest you
UPDATE: I realised a quick tweak to alpha values in the luma sort can
provide a great improvement on images with transparency. The following
numbers were taken with PR #509 as base.
`-o2`:
19,065,549 bytes - base (luma sort)
18,949,747 bytes - modified luma sort
`-o5`:
18,922,165 bytes - base (luma sort)
18,559,863 bytes - new sorting algorithm + luma sort
18,544,813 bytes - new sorting algorithm + modified luma sort
* Keep track of number of pixels in each scanline
* Expand depth to 8-bit
* Attempt expand bit depth
* Simplify tracking of reduction_occurred
* Fix test
* Simplify depth handling in reductions
* Add tests for disabled reductions
* Fix bKGD conversion from gray to palette
* Allow grayscale reduction from 16 to 4 or less
* Refactor reduction evaluation sequence
* Separate palette into new file
