From 084cbdfac10899179e34bd38cbbaa0046ffc56df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Richard R <me@richardr.dev>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2026 11:16:54 -0600
Subject: [PATCH] refactor(worker-control-plane): route ops through core
 orchestrator

---
 compute/worker/src/control-plane-jetstream.ts | 229 ++++++++++++
 compute/worker/src/server.ts                  | 349 +++---------------
 ...ute-worker-control-plane-jetstream.spec.ts | 195 ++++++++++
 3 files changed, 484 insertions(+), 289 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 compute/worker/src/control-plane-jetstream.ts
 create mode 100644 tests/unit/compute-worker-control-plane-jetstream.spec.ts

diff --git a/compute/worker/src/control-plane-jetstream.ts b/compute/worker/src/control-plane-jetstream.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..deab1de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compute/worker/src/control-plane-jetstream.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+import { createHash } from 'node:crypto';
+import type { JetStreamClient } from '@nats-io/jetstream';
+import type {
+  OperationEvent,
+  OperationEventStream,
+  OperationQueue,
+  OperationState,
+  OperationStateStore,
+  QueuedOperation,
+} from '@openreader/compute-core/control-plane';
+import type {
+  PdfLayoutJobRequest,
+  WhisperAlignJobRequest,
+  WorkerOperationKind,
+} from '@openreader/compute-core/api-contracts';
+
+export interface KvEntryLike {
+  operation?: string;
+  value: Uint8Array;
+  revision: number;
+}
+
+export interface KvStoreLike {
+  get(key: string): Promise<KvEntryLike | null>;
+  put(key: string, data: Uint8Array): Promise<unknown>;
+  create(key: string, data: Uint8Array): Promise<unknown>;
+  update(key: string, data: Uint8Array, version: number): Promise<unknown>;
+}
+
+type JsonCodec<T> = {
+  encode(value: T): Uint8Array;
+  decode(data: Uint8Array): T;
+};
+
+function createJsonCodec<T>(): JsonCodec<T> {
+  const encoder = new TextEncoder();
+  const decoder = new TextDecoder();
+  return {
+    encode(value: T): Uint8Array {
+      return encoder.encode(JSON.stringify(value));
+    },
+    decode(data: Uint8Array): T {
+      return JSON.parse(decoder.decode(data)) as T;
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function toErrorMessage(error: unknown): string {
+  if (error instanceof Error && error.message) return error.message;
+  return String(error);
+}
+
+function isCasConflictError(error: unknown): boolean {
+  const message = toErrorMessage(error).toLowerCase();
+  return message.includes('wrong last sequence') || message.includes('key exists') || message.includes('wrong last');
+}
+
+function isPut(entry: KvEntryLike | null): entry is KvEntryLike {
+  return Boolean(entry && entry.operation === 'PUT');
+}
+
+interface OpIndexEntry {
+  opId: string;
+}
+
+const OP_EVENTS_SUBJECT_PREFIX = 'ops.events';
+
+export function hashOpKey(opKey: string): string {
+  return createHash('sha256').update(opKey).digest('hex');
+}
+
+export function opIndexKvKey(opKey: string): string {
+  return `op_index.${hashOpKey(opKey)}`;
+}
+
+export function opStateKvKey(opId: string): string {
+  return `op_state.${opId}`;
+}
+
+export function opEventsSubject(opId: string): string {
+  return `${OP_EVENTS_SUBJECT_PREFIX}.${opId}`;
+}
+
+export interface JetStreamOperationStateStoreDeps {
+  getKv: () => Promise<KvStoreLike>;
+}
+
+export class JetStreamOperationStateStore<Result = unknown> implements OperationStateStore<Result> {
+  private readonly getKv: () => Promise<KvStoreLike>;
+  private readonly opStateCodec = createJsonCodec<OperationState<Result>>();
+  private readonly opIndexCodec = createJsonCodec<OpIndexEntry>();
+
+  constructor(deps: JetStreamOperationStateStoreDeps) {
+    this.getKv = deps.getKv;
+  }
+
+  async getOpState(opId: string): Promise<OperationState<Result> | null> {
+    const kv = await this.getKv();
+    const entry = await kv.get(opStateKvKey(opId));
+    if (!isPut(entry)) return null;
+    return this.opStateCodec.decode(entry.value);
+  }
+
+  async putOpState(state: OperationState<Result>): Promise<void> {
+    const kv = await this.getKv();
+    await kv.put(opStateKvKey(state.opId), this.opStateCodec.encode(state));
+  }
+
+  async getOpIndex(opKey: string): Promise<{ opId: string } | null> {
+    const kv = await this.getKv();
+    const entry = await kv.get(opIndexKvKey(opKey));
+    if (!isPut(entry)) return null;
+    return this.opIndexCodec.decode(entry.value);
+  }
+
+  async compareAndSetOpIndex(input: {
+    opKey: string;
+    newOpId: string;
+    expectedOpId: string | null;
+  }): Promise<boolean> {
+    const kv = await this.getKv();
+    const key = opIndexKvKey(input.opKey);
+    const value = this.opIndexCodec.encode({ opId: input.newOpId });
+
+    if (input.expectedOpId === null) {
+      try {
+        await kv.create(key, value);
+        return true;
+      } catch (error) {
+        if (isCasConflictError(error)) return false;
+        throw error;
+      }
+    }
+
+    const current = await kv.get(key);
+    if (!isPut(current)) return false;
+    const decoded = this.opIndexCodec.decode(current.value);
+    if (decoded.opId !== input.expectedOpId) return false;
+
+    try {
+      await kv.update(key, value, current.revision);
+      return true;
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (isCasConflictError(error)) return false;
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export interface JetStreamOperationEventStreamDeps {
+  getJs: () => Promise<Pick<JetStreamClient, 'publish'>>;
+}
+
+export class JetStreamOperationEventStream<Result = unknown> implements OperationEventStream<Result> {
+  private readonly getJs: () => Promise<Pick<JetStreamClient, 'publish'>>;
+
+  constructor(deps: JetStreamOperationEventStreamDeps) {
+    this.getJs = deps.getJs;
+  }
+
+  async append(opId: string, snapshot: OperationState<Result>): Promise<OperationEvent<Result>> {
+    const js = await this.getJs();
+    const encoder = new TextEncoder();
+    const ack = await js.publish(opEventsSubject(opId), encoder.encode(JSON.stringify(snapshot)));
+    return {
+      eventId: ack.seq,
+      snapshot,
+    };
+  }
+
+  async listSince(): Promise<OperationEvent<Result>[]> {
+    return [];
+  }
+
+  async subscribe(): Promise<() => void> {
+    return () => undefined;
+  }
+}
+
+export interface JetStreamOperationQueueDeps<TPayload> {
+  getJs: () => Promise<Pick<JetStreamClient, 'publish'>>;
+  whisperSubject: string;
+  layoutSubject: string;
+  onEnqueued?: (job: QueuedOperation<TPayload>) => Promise<void> | void;
+}
+
+export class JetStreamOperationQueue implements OperationQueue<WhisperAlignJobRequest | PdfLayoutJobRequest> {
+  private readonly getJs: () => Promise<Pick<JetStreamClient, 'publish'>>;
+  private readonly whisperSubject: string;
+  private readonly layoutSubject: string;
+  private readonly onEnqueued?: (job: QueuedOperation<WhisperAlignJobRequest | PdfLayoutJobRequest>) => Promise<void> | void;
+  private readonly whisperCodec = createJsonCodec<QueuedOperation<WhisperAlignJobRequest>>();
+  private readonly layoutCodec = createJsonCodec<QueuedOperation<PdfLayoutJobRequest>>();
+
+  constructor(deps: JetStreamOperationQueueDeps<WhisperAlignJobRequest | PdfLayoutJobRequest>) {
+    this.getJs = deps.getJs;
+    this.whisperSubject = deps.whisperSubject;
+    this.layoutSubject = deps.layoutSubject;
+    this.onEnqueued = deps.onEnqueued;
+  }
+
+  async enqueue(job: QueuedOperation<WhisperAlignJobRequest | PdfLayoutJobRequest>): Promise<void> {
+    const js = await this.getJs();
+    if (job.kind === 'whisper_align') {
+      await js.publish(
+        this.whisperSubject,
+        this.whisperCodec.encode(job as QueuedOperation<WhisperAlignJobRequest>),
+      );
+    } else if (job.kind === 'pdf_layout') {
+      await js.publish(
+        this.layoutSubject,
+        this.layoutCodec.encode(job as QueuedOperation<PdfLayoutJobRequest>),
+      );
+    } else {
+      const exhaustive: never = job.kind;
+      throw new Error(`Unsupported operation kind: ${String(exhaustive)}`);
+    }
+
+    await this.onEnqueued?.(job);
+  }
+
+  async claimNext(_kind: WorkerOperationKind): Promise<QueuedOperation<WhisperAlignJobRequest | PdfLayoutJobRequest> | null> {
+    throw new Error('JetStreamOperationQueue.claimNext is not used by the worker runtime');
+  }
+
+  size(): number {
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/compute/worker/src/server.ts b/compute/worker/src/server.ts
index ea30c8b..fafa45b 100644
--- a/compute/worker/src/server.ts
+++ b/compute/worker/src/server.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import { createHash } from 'node:crypto';
 import Fastify, { type FastifyRequest } from 'fastify';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import {
@@ -34,6 +33,7 @@ import {
   withIdleTimeoutAndHardCap,
   withTimeout,
 } from '@openreader/compute-core';
+import { OperationOrchestrator } from '@openreader/compute-core/control-plane';
 import type {
   PdfLayoutJobRequest,
   PdfLayoutJobResult,
@@ -49,6 +49,13 @@ import type {
   PdfLayoutProgress,
 } from '@openreader/compute-core/api-contracts';
 import { GetObjectCommand, PutObjectCommand, S3Client } from '@aws-sdk/client-s3';
+import {
+  JetStreamOperationEventStream,
+  JetStreamOperationQueue,
+  JetStreamOperationStateStore,
+  hashOpKey,
+  opEventsSubject,
+} from './control-plane-jetstream';
 
 const JOBS_STREAM_NAME = 'compute_jobs';
 const WHISPER_JOBS_SUBJECT = 'jobs.whisper';
@@ -104,10 +111,6 @@ interface StoredJobState<Result> {
   progress?: PdfLayoutProgress;
 }
 
-interface OpIndexEntry {
-  opId: string;
-}
-
 interface NatsSession {
   nc: NatsConnection;
   js: JetStreamClient;
@@ -295,11 +298,6 @@ function isAlreadyExistsError(error: unknown): boolean {
   return message.includes('already in use') || message.includes('already exists');
 }
 
-function isCasConflictError(error: unknown): boolean {
-  const message = toErrorMessage(error).toLowerCase();
-  return message.includes('wrong last sequence') || message.includes('key exists') || message.includes('wrong last');
-}
-
 function createJsonCodec<T>(): JsonCodec<T> {
   const encoder = new TextEncoder();
   const decoder = new TextDecoder();
@@ -351,26 +349,10 @@ function isTerminalStatus(status: WorkerJobState): boolean {
   return status === 'succeeded' || status === 'failed';
 }
 
-function hashOpKey(opKey: string): string {
-  return createHash('sha256').update(opKey).digest('hex');
-}
-
-function opIndexKvKey(opKey: string): string {
-  return `op_index.${hashOpKey(opKey)}`;
-}
-
-function opStateKvKey(opId: string): string {
-  return `op_state.${opId}`;
-}
-
 function jobStateKvKey(jobId: string): string {
   return `job_state.${jobId}`;
 }
 
-function opEventsSubject(opId: string): string {
-  return `${OP_EVENTS_SUBJECT_PREFIX}.${opId}`;
-}
-
 function extractResultRef(kind: WorkerOperationKind, result: unknown): string | undefined {
   if (kind !== 'pdf_layout' || !result || typeof result !== 'object') return undefined;
   const maybe = result as { parsedObjectKey?: unknown };
@@ -682,18 +664,55 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
     pdfLayoutHardCapMs: pdfHardCapMs,
   }, 'compute runtime config');
 
-  const opIndexCodec = createJsonCodec<OpIndexEntry>();
-  const opStateCodec = createJsonCodec<StreamedOperationState>();
   const whisperJobCodec = createJsonCodec<QueuedJob<WhisperAlignJobRequest>>();
   const layoutJobCodec = createJsonCodec<QueuedJob<PdfLayoutJobRequest>>();
   const jobStateCodec = createJsonCodec<StoredJobState<WhisperAlignJobResult | PdfLayoutJobResult>>();
   const opEventCodec = createJsonCodec<StreamedOperationState>();
 
+  const putJobState = async (state: StoredJobState<WhisperAlignJobResult | PdfLayoutJobResult>): Promise<void> => {
+    const { kv } = await ensureConnected();
+    await kv.put(jobStateKvKey(state.jobId), jobStateCodec.encode(state));
+  };
+
+  const operationStateStore = new JetStreamOperationStateStore<WhisperAlignJobResult | PdfLayoutJobResult>({
+    getKv: async () => (await ensureConnected()).kv,
+  });
+
+  const operationEventStream = new JetStreamOperationEventStream<WhisperAlignJobResult | PdfLayoutJobResult>({
+    getJs: async () => (await ensureConnected()).js,
+  });
+
+  const operationQueue = new JetStreamOperationQueue({
+    getJs: async () => (await ensureConnected()).js,
+    whisperSubject: WHISPER_JOBS_SUBJECT,
+    layoutSubject: LAYOUT_JOBS_SUBJECT,
+    onEnqueued: async (job) => {
+      await putJobState({
+        jobId: job.jobId,
+        opId: job.opId,
+        opKey: job.opKey,
+        kind: job.kind,
+        status: 'queued',
+        timestamp: job.queuedAt,
+        updatedAt: job.queuedAt,
+      });
+    },
+  });
+
+  const orchestrator = new OperationOrchestrator({
+    queue: operationQueue,
+    stateStore: operationStateStore,
+    eventStream: operationEventStream,
+    config: {
+      opStaleMs,
+      maxCasRetries: 10,
+    },
+  });
+
   const putOpState = async (state: StreamedOperationState): Promise<void> => {
-    const { kv, js } = await ensureConnected();
-    await kv.put(opStateKvKey(state.opId), opStateCodec.encode(state));
+    await operationStateStore.putOpState(state);
     try {
-      await js.publish(opEventsSubject(state.opId), opEventCodec.encode(state));
+      await operationEventStream.append(state.opId, state);
     } catch (error) {
       app.log.warn({
         opId: state.opId,
@@ -704,263 +723,7 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
   };
 
   const getOpState = async (opId: string): Promise<StreamedOperationState | null> => {
-    const { kv } = await ensureConnected();
-    const entry = await kv.get(opStateKvKey(opId));
-    if (!entry || entry.operation !== 'PUT') return null;
-    return opStateCodec.decode(entry.value);
-  };
-
-  const putJobState = async (state: StoredJobState<WhisperAlignJobResult | PdfLayoutJobResult>): Promise<void> => {
-    const { kv } = await ensureConnected();
-    await kv.put(jobStateKvKey(state.jobId), jobStateCodec.encode(state));
-  };
-
-  const publishQueuedJob = async (
-    op: WorkerOperationState<WhisperAlignJobResult | PdfLayoutJobResult>,
-    payload: WhisperAlignJobRequest | PdfLayoutJobRequest,
-  ): Promise<void> => {
-    const { js } = await ensureConnected();
-    if (op.kind === 'whisper_align') {
-      await js.publish(WHISPER_JOBS_SUBJECT, whisperJobCodec.encode({
-        jobId: op.jobId,
-        opId: op.opId,
-        opKey: op.opKey,
-        kind: 'whisper_align',
-        queuedAt: op.queuedAt,
-        payload: payload as WhisperAlignJobRequest,
-      }));
-      return;
-    }
-
-    await js.publish(LAYOUT_JOBS_SUBJECT, layoutJobCodec.encode({
-      jobId: op.jobId,
-      opId: op.opId,
-      opKey: op.opKey,
-      kind: 'pdf_layout',
-      queuedAt: op.queuedAt,
-      payload: payload as PdfLayoutJobRequest,
-    }));
-  };
-
-  const enqueueOrReuseOperation = async (
-    req: WorkerOperationRequest,
-  ): Promise<WorkerOperationState<WhisperAlignJobResult | PdfLayoutJobResult>> => {
-    const opKey = req.opKey.trim();
-    const indexKey = opIndexKvKey(opKey);
-    const opKeyHash = hashOpKey(opKey).slice(0, 16);
-    const { kv } = await ensureConnected();
-
-    for (let attemptNo = 0; attemptNo < 10; attemptNo += 1) {
-      const indexEntry = await kv.get(indexKey);
-      if (indexEntry && indexEntry.operation === 'PUT') {
-        const pointer = opIndexCodec.decode(indexEntry.value);
-        const current = await getOpState(pointer.opId);
-
-        if (!current) {
-          await sleep(25);
-          continue;
-        }
-
-        if (current && current.kind === req.kind) {
-          const ageMs = Date.now() - current.updatedAt;
-          if (current.status === 'succeeded') {
-            app.log.info({
-              kind: req.kind,
-              opId: current.opId,
-              jobId: current.jobId,
-              opKeyHash,
-              action: 'reused_terminal',
-              status: current.status,
-              ageMs,
-            }, 'op.accepted');
-            return current;
-          }
-          if ((current.status === 'queued' || current.status === 'running') && ageMs <= opStaleMs) {
-            app.log.info({
-              kind: req.kind,
-              opId: current.opId,
-              jobId: current.jobId,
-              opKeyHash,
-              action: 'reused_inflight',
-              status: current.status,
-              ageMs,
-            }, 'op.accepted');
-            return current;
-          }
-          if ((current.status === 'queued' || current.status === 'running') && ageMs > opStaleMs) {
-            app.log.warn({
-              kind: req.kind,
-              opId: current.opId,
-              jobId: current.jobId,
-              opKeyHash,
-              status: current.status,
-              ageMs,
-              opStaleMs,
-            }, 'op.stuck_detected');
-          }
-        }
-
-        const replacementReason = (() => {
-          if (current.kind !== req.kind) return 'kind_mismatch';
-          const ageMs = Date.now() - current.updatedAt;
-          if ((current.status === 'queued' || current.status === 'running') && ageMs > opStaleMs) return 'stale_running';
-          if (current.status === 'failed') return 'failed_prior';
-          return `status_${current.status}`;
-        })();
-
-        const now = Date.now();
-        const replacement: WorkerOperationState<WhisperAlignJobResult | PdfLayoutJobResult> = {
-          opId: crypto.randomUUID(),
-          opKey,
-          kind: req.kind,
-          jobId: crypto.randomUUID(),
-          status: 'queued',
-          queuedAt: now,
-          updatedAt: now,
-        };
-
-        try {
-          await kv.update(indexKey, opIndexCodec.encode({ opId: replacement.opId }), indexEntry.revision);
-        } catch (error) {
-          if (isCasConflictError(error)) continue;
-          throw error;
-        }
-
-        await putOpState(replacement);
-        await putJobState({
-          jobId: replacement.jobId,
-          opId: replacement.opId,
-          opKey: replacement.opKey,
-          kind: replacement.kind,
-          status: 'queued',
-          timestamp: now,
-          updatedAt: now,
-        });
-
-        try {
-          await publishQueuedJob(replacement, req.payload);
-          app.log.info({
-            kind: req.kind,
-            opId: replacement.opId,
-            jobId: replacement.jobId,
-            opKeyHash,
-            reason: replacementReason,
-            status: replacement.status,
-          }, 'op.replaced');
-          app.log.info({
-            kind: req.kind,
-            opId: replacement.opId,
-            jobId: replacement.jobId,
-            opKeyHash,
-            action: 'replaced',
-            status: replacement.status,
-            reason: replacementReason,
-          }, 'op.accepted');
-          return replacement;
-        } catch (error) {
-          const failed: WorkerOperationState<WhisperAlignJobResult | PdfLayoutJobResult> = {
-            ...replacement,
-            status: 'failed',
-            updatedAt: Date.now(),
-            error: { message: toErrorMessage(error) },
-          };
-          await putOpState(failed);
-          await putJobState({
-            jobId: replacement.jobId,
-            opId: replacement.opId,
-            opKey: replacement.opKey,
-            kind: replacement.kind,
-            status: 'failed',
-            timestamp: replacement.queuedAt,
-            updatedAt: failed.updatedAt,
-            error: failed.error,
-          });
-          app.log.error({
-            kind: req.kind,
-            opId: failed.opId,
-            jobId: failed.jobId,
-            opKeyHash,
-            action: 'replaced',
-            status: failed.status,
-            reason: replacementReason,
-            error: failed.error?.message ?? null,
-          }, 'op.accepted');
-          return failed;
-        }
-      }
-
-      const now = Date.now();
-      const created: WorkerOperationState<WhisperAlignJobResult | PdfLayoutJobResult> = {
-        opId: crypto.randomUUID(),
-        opKey,
-        kind: req.kind,
-        jobId: crypto.randomUUID(),
-        status: 'queued',
-        queuedAt: now,
-        updatedAt: now,
-      };
-
-      try {
-        await kv.create(indexKey, opIndexCodec.encode({ opId: created.opId }));
-      } catch (error) {
-        if (isCasConflictError(error)) continue;
-        throw error;
-      }
-
-      await putOpState(created);
-      await putJobState({
-        jobId: created.jobId,
-        opId: created.opId,
-        opKey: created.opKey,
-        kind: created.kind,
-        status: 'queued',
-        timestamp: now,
-        updatedAt: now,
-      });
-
-      try {
-        await publishQueuedJob(created, req.payload);
-        app.log.info({
-          kind: req.kind,
-          opId: created.opId,
-          jobId: created.jobId,
-          opKeyHash,
-          action: 'created',
-          status: created.status,
-        }, 'op.accepted');
-        return created;
-      } catch (error) {
-        const failed: WorkerOperationState<WhisperAlignJobResult | PdfLayoutJobResult> = {
-          ...created,
-          status: 'failed',
-          updatedAt: Date.now(),
-          error: { message: toErrorMessage(error) },
-        };
-        await putOpState(failed);
-        await putJobState({
-          jobId: created.jobId,
-          opId: created.opId,
-          opKey: created.opKey,
-          kind: created.kind,
-          status: 'failed',
-          timestamp: created.queuedAt,
-          updatedAt: failed.updatedAt,
-          error: failed.error,
-        });
-        app.log.error({
-          kind: req.kind,
-          opId: failed.opId,
-          jobId: failed.jobId,
-          opKeyHash,
-          action: 'created',
-          status: failed.status,
-          error: failed.error?.message ?? null,
-        }, 'op.accepted');
-        return failed;
-      }
-    }
-
-    throw new Error('Unable to reserve operation after repeated CAS conflicts');
+    return await operationStateStore.getOpState(opId);
   };
 
   const releaseHttp = (request: FastifyRequest): void => {
@@ -1024,7 +787,15 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
       };
     }
 
-    const op = await enqueueOrReuseOperation(parsed.data as WorkerOperationRequest);
+    const requestOp = parsed.data as WorkerOperationRequest;
+    const op = await orchestrator.enqueueOrReuse(requestOp);
+    app.log.info({
+      kind: requestOp.kind,
+      opId: op.opId,
+      jobId: op.jobId,
+      status: op.status,
+      opKeyHash: hashOpKey(requestOp.opKey.trim()).slice(0, 16),
+    }, 'op.accepted');
     reply.code(202);
     return op;
   });
diff --git a/tests/unit/compute-worker-control-plane-jetstream.spec.ts b/tests/unit/compute-worker-control-plane-jetstream.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..699534c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/compute-worker-control-plane-jetstream.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+import { expect, test } from '@playwright/test';
+import { OperationOrchestrator } from '../../compute/core/src/control-plane';
+import type { WorkerOperationRequest } from '../../compute/core/src/api-contracts';
+import {
+  JetStreamOperationEventStream,
+  JetStreamOperationQueue,
+  JetStreamOperationStateStore,
+  opEventsSubject,
+  opIndexKvKey,
+  opStateKvKey,
+  type KvEntryLike,
+  type KvStoreLike,
+} from '../../compute/worker/src/control-plane-jetstream';
+
+class FakeKvStore implements KvStoreLike {
+  private readonly data = new Map<string, KvEntryLike>();
+  private revision = 0;
+
+  async get(key: string): Promise<KvEntryLike | null> {
+    const value = this.data.get(key);
+    if (!value) return null;
+    return {
+      operation: value.operation,
+      value: value.value.slice(),
+      revision: value.revision,
+    };
+  }
+
+  async put(key: string, data: Uint8Array): Promise<void> {
+    this.revision += 1;
+    this.data.set(key, {
+      operation: 'PUT',
+      value: data.slice(),
+      revision: this.revision,
+    });
+  }
+
+  async create(key: string, data: Uint8Array): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.data.has(key)) {
+      throw new Error('key exists');
+    }
+    this.revision += 1;
+    this.data.set(key, {
+      operation: 'PUT',
+      value: data.slice(),
+      revision: this.revision,
+    });
+  }
+
+  async update(key: string, data: Uint8Array, version: number): Promise<void> {
+    const current = this.data.get(key);
+    if (!current || current.revision !== version) {
+      throw new Error('wrong last sequence');
+    }
+    this.revision += 1;
+    this.data.set(key, {
+      operation: 'PUT',
+      value: data.slice(),
+      revision: this.revision,
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+class FakeJetStream {
+  private seq = 0;
+  readonly published: Array<{ subject: string; payload: unknown; seq: number }> = [];
+
+  async publish(subject: string, data: Uint8Array): Promise<{ seq: number }> {
+    this.seq += 1;
+    const payload = JSON.parse(new TextDecoder().decode(data)) as unknown;
+    this.published.push({ subject, payload, seq: this.seq });
+    return { seq: this.seq };
+  }
+}
+
+function buildPdfRequest(opKey: string): WorkerOperationRequest {
+  return {
+    kind: 'pdf_layout',
+    opKey,
+    payload: {
+      documentId: 'd1',
+      namespace: null,
+      documentObjectKey: 's3://bucket/doc.pdf',
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+test.describe('worker jetstream control-plane adapters', () => {
+  test('state store compareAndSet handles create/update semantics', async () => {
+    const kv = new FakeKvStore();
+    const store = new JetStreamOperationStateStore({ getKv: async () => kv });
+
+    const created = await store.compareAndSetOpIndex({
+      opKey: 'k1',
+      newOpId: 'op-1',
+      expectedOpId: null,
+    });
+    const failedCreate = await store.compareAndSetOpIndex({
+      opKey: 'k1',
+      newOpId: 'op-2',
+      expectedOpId: null,
+    });
+    const wrongExpected = await store.compareAndSetOpIndex({
+      opKey: 'k1',
+      newOpId: 'op-2',
+      expectedOpId: 'op-x',
+    });
+    const updated = await store.compareAndSetOpIndex({
+      opKey: 'k1',
+      newOpId: 'op-2',
+      expectedOpId: 'op-1',
+    });
+
+    expect(created).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(failedCreate).toBeFalsy();
+    expect(wrongExpected).toBeFalsy();
+    expect(updated).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(await store.getOpIndex('k1')).toEqual({ opId: 'op-2' });
+  });
+
+  test('queue and event adapters publish expected JetStream subjects', async () => {
+    const js = new FakeJetStream();
+    const queue = new JetStreamOperationQueue({
+      getJs: async () => js,
+      whisperSubject: 'jobs.whisper',
+      layoutSubject: 'jobs.layout',
+    });
+    const events = new JetStreamOperationEventStream({
+      getJs: async () => js,
+    });
+
+    await queue.enqueue({
+      jobId: 'j1',
+      opId: 'o1',
+      opKey: 'k1',
+      kind: 'pdf_layout',
+      queuedAt: 1000,
+      payload: { documentId: 'd1', namespace: null, documentObjectKey: 'obj' },
+    });
+
+    const appended = await events.append('o1', {
+      opId: 'o1',
+      opKey: 'k1',
+      kind: 'pdf_layout',
+      jobId: 'j1',
+      status: 'queued',
+      queuedAt: 1000,
+      updatedAt: 1000,
+    });
+
+    expect(js.published.map((entry) => entry.subject)).toEqual(['jobs.layout', opEventsSubject('o1')]);
+    expect(appended.eventId).toBe(2);
+  });
+
+  test('orchestrator integration writes index/state and reuses active op', async () => {
+    const kv = new FakeKvStore();
+    const js = new FakeJetStream();
+
+    const store = new JetStreamOperationStateStore({ getKv: async () => kv });
+    const events = new JetStreamOperationEventStream({ getJs: async () => js });
+    const queue = new JetStreamOperationQueue({
+      getJs: async () => js,
+      whisperSubject: 'jobs.whisper',
+      layoutSubject: 'jobs.layout',
+    });
+
+    let now = 1_000;
+    let nextId = 1;
+    const orchestrator = new OperationOrchestrator({
+      queue,
+      stateStore: store,
+      eventStream: events,
+      config: { opStaleMs: 10_000, maxCasRetries: 3 },
+      clock: { now: () => now },
+      idFactory: {
+        opId: () => `op-${nextId}`,
+        jobId: () => `job-${nextId++}`,
+      },
+    });
+
+    const req = buildPdfRequest('k-integration');
+    const first = await orchestrator.enqueueOrReuse(req);
+    now = 2_000;
+    const reused = await orchestrator.enqueueOrReuse(req);
+
+    expect(first.opId).toBe('op-1');
+    expect(reused.opId).toBe('op-1');
+
+    const indexEntry = await kv.get(opIndexKvKey('k-integration'));
+    const stateEntry = await kv.get(opStateKvKey('op-1'));
+    expect(indexEntry?.operation).toBe('PUT');
+    expect(stateEntry?.operation).toBe('PUT');
+    expect(js.published.map((entry) => entry.subject)).toEqual(['ops.events.op-1', 'jobs.layout']);
+  });
+});