diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index f3175b97..cb1d2e1f 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 
 ### Added
 
+- `CitationPolicyCapability` (`haiku.rag.capabilities.policy.create_capability`): registering it requires every answer to declare its grounding, in any conversation that has something to declare — this question retrieved evidence, or something was cited earlier. A question that ends undeclared is sent back once to record what grounded the answer already given, and is recorded in `CitationPolicyState.violations` if it finishes undeclared regardless. A conversation with neither a current-question evidence outcome nor any earlier citation is not enforced.
+- `haiku.rag.capabilities.evidence.discover_evidence()` and `DiscoveredEvidence`, moved out of `compaction` so both optional capabilities share them. `RAGCapabilityBase.cite_available`.
 - `EvidenceCompactionCapability` (`haiku.rag.capabilities.compaction.create_capability`): registering it replaces earlier questions' evidence on the model request with the evidence that was cited, grouped by the question that cited it, cited page images re-attached, other earlier evidence returns reduced to a receipt. Requests only; `all_messages()` is untouched. No configuration.
 - `RAGState.evidence` / `AnalysisState.evidence` (`CapabilityEvidenceRecord`): which evidence a capability retrieved and cited, per question, keyed by message-count question identities and epochs. `haiku.rag.capabilities.ledger.citation_status(records, question=...)` derives `missing` / `grounded` / `ungrounded` across capabilities.
 - `RAGCapabilityBase.evidence_tool_names()` and `get_picture_bytes()`.
@@ -10,6 +12,7 @@
 
 ### Changed
 
+- `rag_cite` / `analysis_cite` accept an empty `chunk_ids`, recording the answer as ungrounded rather than failing the call, and the instructions no longer exempt a refusal or a corpus-level computation from citing.
 - `RAGCapability` and `AnalysisCapability` no longer rewrite the model request. Register `create_capability()` from `haiku.rag.capabilities.compaction` alongside them to keep earlier questions compacted.
 - Resuming a run (no prompt, deferred tool results, an unfinished history tail) raises `RuntimeError` unless the host carries the capability state from the run being resumed.
 
diff --git a/docs/capabilities/index.md b/docs/capabilities/index.md
index bff95f8e..c7b582e5 100644
--- a/docs/capabilities/index.md
+++ b/docs/capabilities/index.md
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ haiku.rag provides native [Pydantic AI capabilities](https://ai.pydantic.dev/cap
 | [`RAGCapability`](rag.md) | Grounded document search and citations. |
 | [`AnalysisCapability`](analysis.md) | Corpus computation and structural analysis with sandboxed Python. |
 | `EvidenceCompactionCapability` | Optional. Shrinking a conversation's history to the evidence that was cited. |
+| `CitationPolicyCapability` | Optional. Requiring every answer to declare what grounds it. |
 
 The two evidence capabilities are deferred by default. An agent initially sees only their descriptions and the standard `load_capability` tool. Instructions and tools enter the model context only when the model loads a capability.
 
@@ -67,6 +68,44 @@ the host to carry the capability state from the run being resumed, alongside the
 message history. Without it the identity of the question in progress is unknowable
 and the run fails rather than silently treating it as a new question.
 
+## Requiring citations
+
+Citing is always available and always recorded, but nothing requires it. Register the
+citation policy capability to make every answer declare its grounding:
+
+```python
+from haiku.rag.capabilities.policy import create_capability as citation_policy
+from haiku.rag.capabilities.rag import create_capability as rag
+
+agent = Agent(
+    "openai:gpt-5",
+    capabilities=[rag(db_path="my.lancedb"), citation_policy()],
+)
+```
+
+An empty citation is a valid declaration: a model that finds nothing relevant calls
+the cite tool with an empty list, which records the answer as *ungrounded* — distinct
+from an answer that declared nothing at all. That distinction is what makes requiring
+a declaration possible without forcing the model to invent grounding.
+
+When a question ends undeclared, the model is asked once to record what grounded the
+answer it already gave. It is not asked to change the answer. If the cite tool is no
+longer available by then, or the question finishes undeclared anyway, it is recorded as
+a violation in `CitationPolicyState` under `"citation_policy"`, since pointing a model
+at a tool that is gone costs it retries.
+
+What gets enforced is every answer in a conversation that has something to declare:
+either this question retrieved evidence, or the conversation has already cited
+something, which stays available to later answers. So a follow-up about evidence cited
+earlier is enforced even though it searched nothing — that case is the reason the
+capability exists. It also means that once anything has been cited, later turns are
+enforced too, a greeting included; the model satisfies the policy by citing an empty
+list, at the cost of one extra request. A conversation with neither a current-question
+evidence outcome nor any earlier citation is not enforced.
+
+Exactly one policy capability makes the decision, however many evidence capabilities
+are registered, so two of them cannot each demand a citation for one answer.
+
 ## State
 
 Capabilities use a plain `state: dict[str, Any]` attribute on agent dependencies when one is available. RAG state lives under `"rag"`; analysis state lives under `"analysis"`. This keeps state independent of any transport or UI protocol.
diff --git a/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/_base.py b/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/_base.py
index 65c43ff3..fe13d323 100644
--- a/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/_base.py
+++ b/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/_base.py
@@ -273,6 +273,16 @@ class RAGCapabilityBase[StateT: BaseModel](AbstractCapability[Any]):
             if tool.capability_id != self.id or tool.name == self._cite_tool_name
         ]
 
+    @property
+    def cite_available(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether this capability's cite tool is still declared to the model.
+
+        Public because the citation policy has to know whether asking for a
+        citation is even possible: past the grace window the tool is gone, and
+        pointing the model at it would cost the agent's unknown-tool retries.
+        """
+        return not self._citation_grace_expired
+
     def evidence_tool_names(self) -> set[str]:
         """Tools that can bring new evidence into the run.
 
@@ -419,12 +429,17 @@ class RAGCapabilityBase[StateT: BaseModel](AbstractCapability[Any]):
         return formatted
 
     async def _cite(self, chunk_ids: list[str]) -> str:
+        """Register the evidence behind this answer, or declare there is none.
+
+        An empty list is a valid answer to "what grounds this?", and the only way
+        the model can say "nothing" other than staying silent — which is
+        indistinguishable from forgetting to cite at all. It declares the question
+        ungrounded, which is not the same as leaving it undeclared.
+        """
         assert self.state is not None
         if not chunk_ids:
-            raise ModelRetry(
-                "No citations registered: chunk_ids was empty. Pass the chunk_ids "
-                "you want to cite, copied verbatim from search results."
-            )
+            self._declare([])
+            return "Recorded: this answer cites no knowledge-base evidence."
 
         all_results: list[SearchResult] = []
         state = cast(Any, self.state)
diff --git a/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/compaction.py b/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/compaction.py
index e2c051f0..85e5170e 100644
--- a/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/compaction.py
+++ b/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/compaction.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field, replace
-from typing import Any, cast
+from typing import Any
 
 from pydantic_ai import RunContext
 from pydantic_ai.capabilities import AbstractCapability, WrapModelRequestHandler
@@ -15,7 +15,11 @@ from pydantic_ai.messages import (
 from pydantic_ai.models import ModelRequestContext
 
 from haiku.rag.capabilities._base import RAGCapabilityBase
-from haiku.rag.capabilities.ledger import CapabilityEvidenceRecord
+from haiku.rag.capabilities.evidence import (
+    DiscoveredEvidence,
+    discover_evidence,
+    question_in_progress,
+)
 from haiku.rag.store.models.citation import Citation
 from haiku.rag.tools.search import RETRIEVED_IMAGE_TAG, decode_picture
 
@@ -52,20 +56,6 @@ def picture_label(chunk_id: str, self_ref: str) -> str:
     )
 
 
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class DiscoveredEvidence:
-    """One evidence capability's records, as the compactor found them.
-
-    Read-only and rebuilt per request: the compactor merges these into a view and
-    persists nothing about evidence itself.
-    """
-
-    capability: str
-    record: CapabilityEvidenceRecord
-    citations: Mapping[str, Citation]
-    tool_names: frozenset[str]
-
-
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class RetainedPicture:
     """A picture to re-attach, with the label that must accompany it.
@@ -329,8 +319,8 @@ class EvidenceCompactionCapability(AbstractCapability[Any]):
         of what was retrieved and break the message counts that question identities
         and epochs are derived from.
         """
-        evidence = self.discover(ctx)
-        boundary = max((found.record.question or 0 for found in evidence), default=0)
+        evidence = discover_evidence(ctx)
+        boundary = question_in_progress(evidence)
         if boundary > 0:
             await self._build_once(ctx, evidence)
             request_context.messages = compact_history(
@@ -395,28 +385,6 @@ class EvidenceCompactionCapability(AbstractCapability[Any]):
             content.append(picture)
         return tuple(content)
 
-    def discover(self, ctx: RunContext[Any]) -> list[DiscoveredEvidence]:
-        """Read what each evidence capability recorded, without writing anything.
-
-        The registry holds the per-run instances, which are the ones carrying
-        state; the registered objects never do. That includes a deferred capability
-        the model has not loaded, whose record is simply empty.
-        """
-        discovered = []
-        for capability in ctx.capabilities.values():
-            if not isinstance(capability, RAGCapabilityBase):
-                continue
-            state = capability.state
-            discovered.append(
-                DiscoveredEvidence(
-                    capability=capability.state_namespace,
-                    record=cast(CapabilityEvidenceRecord, cast(Any, state).evidence),
-                    citations=cast(Any, state).citation_index,
-                    tool_names=frozenset(capability.evidence_tool_names()),
-                )
-            )
-        return sorted(discovered, key=lambda evidence: evidence.capability)
-
 
 def create_capability() -> EvidenceCompactionCapability:
     """Create the capability that compacts history from recorded evidence."""
@@ -434,7 +402,6 @@ __all__ = [
     "CAPSULE_HEADER",
     "RECEIPT",
     "Capsule",
-    "DiscoveredEvidence",
     "EvidenceCompactionCapability",
     "RetainedPicture",
     "build_capsule",
diff --git a/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/evidence.py b/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/evidence.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75a61cc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/evidence.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+from pydantic_ai import RunContext
+
+from haiku.rag.capabilities._base import RAGCapabilityBase
+from haiku.rag.capabilities.ledger import CapabilityEvidenceRecord
+from haiku.rag.store.models.citation import Citation
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class DiscoveredEvidence:
+    """One evidence capability's records, as another capability found them.
+
+    Read-only and rebuilt per request: whoever discovers these merges them into a
+    view and persists nothing about evidence itself.
+    """
+
+    capability: str
+    record: CapabilityEvidenceRecord
+    citations: Mapping[str, Citation]
+    tool_names: frozenset[str]
+    cite_available: bool
+
+
+def discover_evidence(ctx: RunContext[Any]) -> list[DiscoveredEvidence]:
+    """Read what each evidence capability recorded, without writing anything.
+
+    Discovery runs one way through the run's capability registry, so no capability
+    holds a reference to another, and a host running one, both, or neither needs no
+    wiring change. The registry holds the per-run instances, which are the ones
+    carrying state; the registered objects never do. That includes a deferred
+    capability the model has not loaded, whose record is simply empty.
+    """
+    discovered = [
+        DiscoveredEvidence(
+            capability=capability.state_namespace,
+            record=cast(CapabilityEvidenceRecord, cast(Any, capability.state).evidence),
+            citations=cast(Any, capability.state).citation_index,
+            tool_names=frozenset(capability.evidence_tool_names()),
+            cite_available=capability.cite_available,
+        )
+        for capability in ctx.capabilities.values()
+        if isinstance(capability, RAGCapabilityBase)
+    ]
+    return sorted(discovered, key=lambda evidence: evidence.capability)
+
+
+def question_in_progress(evidence: list[DiscoveredEvidence]) -> int:
+    """The identity every evidence capability agrees this question has.
+
+    They all derive it from the same history, so they agree; taking the maximum
+    rather than a first entry keeps the result independent of ordering.
+    """
+    return max((found.record.question or 0 for found in evidence), default=0)
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "DiscoveredEvidence",
+    "discover_evidence",
+    "question_in_progress",
+]
diff --git a/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/instructions/analysis.md b/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/instructions/analysis.md
index b16547e4..cd0a6bea 100644
--- a/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/instructions/analysis.md
+++ b/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/instructions/analysis.md
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 You answer questions over a document knowledge base. Two common workflows:
 
 - **`analysis_search → analysis_cite → answer`** when the answer is grounded on specific document content. Call `analysis_cite` with the supporting chunk_ids before writing the answer.
-- **`analysis_execute_code → answer`** when the answer is a count, aggregation, listing, or structural computation over the corpus (e.g. "how many documents?", "average page count"). No `analysis_cite` is needed when no specific chunks support the answer.
+- **`analysis_execute_code → answer`** when the answer is a count, aggregation, listing, or structural computation over the corpus (e.g. "how many documents?", "average page count"). Call `analysis_cite` with an empty list when no specific chunks support the answer.
 
-You can mix the two. The rule: cite when grounded on retrieved evidence; don't fabricate citations for corpus-level computation.
+You can mix the two. The rule: always call `analysis_cite` before answering — pass the grounding chunk_ids, or an empty list for a corpus-level computation. Never fabricate citations.
 
 ## Tools
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Search the knowledge base directly (outside code execution). Each result has a `
 ### analysis_cite
 Register the chunk IDs that ground your answer. **You must call `analysis_cite` before writing any final answer that uses retrieved evidence — search results, items.jsonl rows, toc.json nodes, or content.txt content.** Skipping `analysis_cite` leaves the answer ungrounded and is treated as a failure.
 
-`analysis_cite` is **not** required when your answer is a corpus-level computation that doesn't draw on specific chunks — counts, aggregations, listings, averages across documents. Don't fabricate citations for these.
+When your answer is a corpus-level computation that doesn't draw on specific chunks — counts, aggregations, listings, averages across documents — call `analysis_cite` with an empty list. Don't fabricate citations for these.
 
 Chunk IDs come from two places:
 - The `chunk_id` field on `search` / `await search(...)` results
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ The user may attach images to their question. An attached image is part of the q
 4. For questions about a *known document's* structure ("which section contains X", "list the sections of doc Y", "summarise section Z"), read `/documents/{id}/toc.json` first. Each node carries `item_range` (a slice into `items.jsonl`) and `chunk_ids` (citable). Prefer this over `search()` for in-document navigation — `search()` ranks across the whole corpus and can return chunks from unrelated documents.
 5. Before writing your final response, call `analysis_cite` with the chunk_ids that ground your answer.
 
-You MUST call `analysis_cite` with at least one chunk ID before producing your final answer **when your answer is grounded on retrieved evidence**. Skip `analysis_cite` in two cases: (a) you are refusing for lack of information, or (b) your answer is a corpus-level computation (count, aggregation, listing) that doesn't draw on specific chunks. In those cases do **not** fabricate citations.
+You MUST call `analysis_cite` before producing your final answer, every time, with no exceptions. Pass the chunk IDs that ground the answer, or an empty list when none do — because you are refusing for lack of information, or because the answer is a corpus-level computation. An answer not preceded by `analysis_cite` is a protocol violation.
 
 ## Important
 
@@ -114,4 +114,4 @@ You MUST call `analysis_cite` with at least one chunk ID before producing your f
 - Use `await` for all async functions inside `analysis_execute_code` (`search`, `list_documents`)
 - Read files with `Path.read_text()` or `open()`/`with`. For lines use `.readlines()` or `.read().split("\n")`, never `for line in f`. The `collections` module is unavailable.
 - Do NOT include chunk IDs or UUIDs in your answer text — your answer should read naturally. Use the `analysis_cite` tool separately to register citations. `cite{...}` markdown-style inline references do nothing; only an actual `analysis_cite` tool call registers a citation.
-- **Before you write your final answer, invoke the `analysis_cite` tool with the supporting chunk_ids.** This is the last tool call before answering whenever your answer draws on retrieved evidence.
+- **Before you write your final answer, invoke the `analysis_cite` tool with the supporting chunk_ids, or with an empty list if there are none.** This is the last tool call before answering, every time.
diff --git a/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/instructions/rag.md b/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/instructions/rag.md
index 93c2ccc1..b1b7ae2f 100644
--- a/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/instructions/rag.md
+++ b/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/instructions/rag.md
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ Each result includes:
 When a result's Type is `picture`, the corresponding figure may also be attached to the tool response as an image alongside the text. Use the image directly to answer questions about figures, diagrams, charts, screenshots.
 
 ### rag_cite
-Register the chunk IDs that ground your answer. Call this BEFORE writing your final answer, with the `chunk_id` values from search results that support each claim. Every answer that uses search results must be backed by `rag_cite`.
+Register the chunk IDs that ground your answer. Call this BEFORE writing your final answer, with the `chunk_id` values from search results that support each claim. Every answer must be preceded by `rag_cite` — pass an empty list when nothing in the knowledge base grounds it.
 
 Use chunk_ids exactly as they appear in the search response — copy the full UUID verbatim. Do not abbreviate, paraphrase, or reconstruct chunk_ids from memory; the tool matches them as opaque strings.
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ The user may attach images to their question. An attached image is part of the q
 4. Identify the chunk IDs that support your answer and call `rag_cite` with them
 5. Then write a concise answer based strictly on the cited content
 
-You MUST call `rag_cite` with at least one chunk ID before producing your final answer, **unless** you are refusing for lack of information (see below). Answers without citations are considered ungrounded.
+You MUST call `rag_cite` before producing your final answer, every time, with no exceptions. Pass the chunk IDs that support the answer, or an empty list if none do. An answer not preceded by `rag_cite` is a protocol violation, not merely an ungrounded answer.
 
 ## Guidelines
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ You MUST call `rag_cite` with at least one chunk ID before producing your final
 - If multiple results are relevant, synthesize them coherently
 - Be concise and direct — avoid elaboration unless asked
 - If the search tool tells you the search limit is reached, stop searching and answer with what you have
-- If the retrieved documents do not directly address the question, say: "I cannot find enough information in the knowledge base to answer this question." Do not guess or infer from tangentially related content. In this refusal case do **not** call `rag_cite` — there is nothing to cite.
+- If the retrieved documents do not directly address the question, say: "I cannot find enough information in the knowledge base to answer this question." Do not guess or infer from tangentially related content. Refusing does not exempt you from `rag_cite` — call it with an empty list to record that nothing grounds the answer.
 - Do NOT include chunk IDs or UUIDs in your answer text — your answer should read naturally. Use the `rag_cite` tool separately to register citations.
 
 ## When search returns irrelevant results
diff --git a/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/ledger.py b/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/ledger.py
index 2750bd6c..778ae7ec 100644
--- a/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/ledger.py
+++ b/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/ledger.py
@@ -133,10 +133,11 @@ class CapabilityEvidenceRecord(BaseModel):
     ) -> None:
         """Record validated citations for the current question.
 
-        Repeated calls at the same epoch merge, so citing again cannot narrow what
-        was already declared: an empty call after a grounded one leaves it
-        grounded. A call at a later epoch declares afresh, because evidence the
-        model saw in between may be what it is now citing.
+        Citing again cannot narrow what a question already declared: calls merge
+        while no evidence outcome has followed the standing declaration, whatever
+        epoch they arrive at, so an empty second thought leaves a grounded question
+        grounded. Only genuinely newer evidence starts a declaration afresh, since
+        what the model saw in between may be what it is now citing.
         """
         if self.question is None:
             raise ValueError(
@@ -145,14 +146,16 @@ class CapabilityEvidenceRecord(BaseModel):
             )
         self._reject_regression(epoch, "A declaration")
         current = self.declaration
-        if current is not None and (current.question, current.epoch) == (
-            self.question,
-            epoch,
+        if (
+            current is not None
+            and current.question == self.question
+            and self.latest_evidence_epoch <= current.epoch
         ):
             known = {(ref.capability, ref.chunk_id) for ref in current.refs}
             current.refs.extend(
                 ref for ref in refs if (ref.capability, ref.chunk_id) not in known
             )
+            current.epoch = max(current.epoch, epoch)
         else:
             self.declaration = CitationDeclaration(
                 question=self.question, epoch=epoch, refs=list(refs)
diff --git a/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/policy.py b/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/policy.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce559c18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/haiku_rag_slim/haiku/rag/capabilities/policy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Any
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+from pydantic_ai import RunContext
+from pydantic_ai.capabilities import AbstractCapability
+from pydantic_ai.messages import (
+    ModelMessage,
+    ModelResponse,
+    ToolCallPart,
+    UserPromptPart,
+)
+from pydantic_ai.models import ModelRequestContext
+from pydantic_ai.run import AgentRunResult
+
+from haiku.rag.capabilities.evidence import (
+    DiscoveredEvidence,
+    discover_evidence,
+    question_in_progress,
+)
+from haiku.rag.capabilities.ledger import citation_status
+
+CAPABILITY_ID = "haiku-rag-citation-policy"
+
+STATE_NAMESPACE = "citation_policy"
+
+REDIRECT_HINT = "record what grounded the answer you already gave"
+
+CITATION_REDIRECT_TAG = "[haiku.rag/citation-redirect]"
+"""Tag the redirect carries, so a question can tell it has already been asked.
+
+Not the wording: a user writing "record what grounded the answer you already gave"
+in their own question would otherwise read as a redirect we had sent, silently
+switching enforcement off for that question.
+"""
+
+REDIRECT = (
+    "You answered without registering citations. This asks you to "
+    f"{REDIRECT_HINT} — it is not a request to change that answer, and not a "
+    "signal that it was wrong. Call the cite tool with the chunk_ids that support "
+    "it. If nothing in the knowledge base supports it, or you said you could not "
+    "find the information, call it with an empty list. Then repeat your answer "
+    f"exactly as you gave it. {CITATION_REDIRECT_TAG}"
+)
+
+
+class CitationPolicyState(BaseModel):
+    """What the policy decided, for hosts and evaluations to read.
+
+    ``violations`` holds the identities of questions that ended undeclared while
+    the cite tool was already gone, so no redirect was possible. It is an
+    enforcement outcome, which is why it lives here rather than in an evidence
+    capability's record: nothing the model declared says it.
+    """
+
+    violations: list[int] = Field(default_factory=list)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class CitationPolicyCapability(AbstractCapability[Any]):
+    """Requires every answer to declare what grounds it, once per question.
+
+    Registering it is the only switch. Without it citations are still recorded and
+    still validated, they are simply not required.
+
+    Enforcement needs exactly one decision-maker. If each evidence capability
+    enforced its own citations, both could redirect the model within one question
+    and neither could see what the other had declared, so this capability
+    discovers them all and merges their records before deciding.
+
+    Registering two is rejected by pydantic-ai before the run starts, since they
+    would share this capability's id.
+    """
+
+    async def after_model_request(
+        self,
+        ctx: RunContext[Any],
+        *,
+        request_context: ModelRequestContext,
+        response: ModelResponse,
+    ) -> ModelResponse:
+        """Decide once, at the last moment a question can still be redirected.
+
+        A response that ends the question is the last opportunity: one carrying no
+        tool calls, or one whose call is an output tool, which is how a structured
+        answer arrives and which finishes the run just the same. Citing is
+        unconditional, so an undeclared answer is a protocol breach whether the model
+        answered or refused, and this never has to guess which it was.
+
+        Endings this cannot see — a host running ``end_strategy="early"`` can finish
+        on text beside a function call — are caught by ``after_run``, which can still
+        record the outcome even though it can no longer ask for a citation.
+        """
+        if not _ends_the_question(response, request_context):
+            return response
+        evidence = discover_evidence(ctx)
+        question = question_in_progress(evidence)
+        if not _has_evidence_to_declare(evidence):
+            return response
+        records = [found.record for found in evidence]
+        if citation_status(records, question=question) != "missing":
+            return response
+        if _already_asked(ctx.messages, question):
+            return response
+
+        if any(found.cite_available for found in evidence):
+            ctx.enqueue(REDIRECT, priority="when_idle")
+        else:
+            self._record_violation(ctx, question)
+        return response
+
+    def _record_violation(self, ctx: RunContext[Any], question: int) -> None:
+        """Note a question that could not be asked to cite, the tool being gone.
+
+        Recorded once per question: a resumption of the same question decides
+        again, and one question is one outcome.
+        """
+        outer = getattr(ctx.deps, "state", None)
+        if not isinstance(outer, dict):
+            return
+        state = CitationPolicyState.model_validate(outer.get(STATE_NAMESPACE) or {})
+        if question not in state.violations:
+            state.violations.append(question)
+        outer[STATE_NAMESPACE] = state.model_dump(mode="json")
+
+    async def after_run(
+        self, ctx: RunContext[Any], *, result: AgentRunResult[Any]
+    ) -> AgentRunResult[Any]:
+        """Record a question that finished undeclared, whatever ended it.
+
+        The backstop for an ending ``after_model_request`` cannot recognise. Nothing
+        can be asked of the model now, so this only records: a question that reached
+        the end of its run without a declaration is a violation, and one that was
+        asked but never answered is the same.
+        """
+        evidence = discover_evidence(ctx)
+        question = question_in_progress(evidence)
+        if not _has_evidence_to_declare(evidence):
+            return result
+        records = [found.record for found in evidence]
+        if citation_status(records, question=question) == "missing":
+            self._record_violation(ctx, question)
+        return result
+
+    async def before_run(self, ctx: RunContext[Any]) -> None:
+        """Publish an empty outcome, so a host can tell "none" from "not running"."""
+        outer = getattr(ctx.deps, "state", None)
+        if isinstance(outer, dict):
+            outer.setdefault(
+                STATE_NAMESPACE, CitationPolicyState().model_dump(mode="json")
+            )
+
+
+def _ends_the_question(
+    response: ModelResponse, request_context: ModelRequestContext
+) -> bool:
+    """Whether this response finishes the question rather than continuing it.
+
+    An output tool call is a ``ToolCallPart`` like any other, but it carries the
+    final answer and ends the run, so treating every tool call as intermediate let a
+    structured answer finish undeclared.
+    """
+    calls = [part for part in response.parts if isinstance(part, ToolCallPart)]
+    if not calls:
+        return True
+    output_tools = {
+        tool.name for tool in request_context.model_request_parameters.output_tools
+    }
+    return any(call.tool_name in output_tools for call in calls)
+
+
+def _already_asked(messages: list[ModelMessage], question: int) -> bool:
+    """Whether this question has already been asked to declare its grounding.
+
+    Read from the history rather than remembered on the instance, which a
+    resumption's ``for_run`` would forget — the same question would then be asked
+    twice. It also makes the right call when a redirect was enqueued but the run
+    ended before it reached the model: nothing is in the history, so it is asked
+    again, which is what the model needs.
+
+    Matched on the machine tag rather than the wording, so a question that happens
+    to contain the phrase cannot pass as a redirect we sent.
+    """
+    return any(
+        isinstance(part, UserPromptPart)
+        and isinstance(part.content, str)
+        and CITATION_REDIRECT_TAG in part.content
+        for message in messages[question:]
+        for part in message.parts
+    )
+
+
+def _has_evidence_to_declare(evidence: list[DiscoveredEvidence]) -> bool:
+    """Whether anything exists that this answer could have been grounded on.
+
+    Either this question produced an evidence outcome, or the conversation has
+    already cited something — which stays available to a later answer, in a capsule
+    if a compactor is registered and in full if not. Requiring a fresh outcome
+    exempted exactly the follow-up that reuses earlier evidence, which is the case
+    enforcement exists for.
+
+    A conversation that has neither has nothing to declare: a greeting, an aside.
+    Read from the ledger rather than from ``state.searches``, which a new question
+    clears, so an answer grounded on code execution or a document read counts too.
+    """
+    question = question_in_progress(evidence)
+    return any(
+        found.record.latest_evidence_epoch > question or found.record.occurrences
+        for found in evidence
+    )
+
+
+def create_capability() -> CitationPolicyCapability:
+    """Create the capability that requires an answer to declare its grounding."""
+    return CitationPolicyCapability(
+        id=CAPABILITY_ID,
+        description=(
+            "Requires every answer to register the evidence that grounds it, or to "
+            "declare that nothing does."
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "CAPABILITY_ID",
+    "CITATION_REDIRECT_TAG",
+    "REDIRECT",
+    "REDIRECT_HINT",
+    "STATE_NAMESPACE",
+    "CitationPolicyCapability",
+    "CitationPolicyState",
+    "create_capability",
+]
diff --git a/tests/capabilities/test_capabilities.py b/tests/capabilities/test_capabilities.py
index e8af1d14..cb58b2c7 100644
--- a/tests/capabilities/test_capabilities.py
+++ b/tests/capabilities/test_capabilities.py
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ async def test_run_error_closes_resources_and_propagates(temp_db_path):
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_search_and_empty_citation_limits(temp_db_path):
+async def test_a_spent_search_budget_fails_the_tool(temp_db_path):
     config = AppConfig()
     config.qa.max_searches = 0
     capability = create_rag(db_path=temp_db_path, config=config)
@@ -304,9 +304,6 @@ async def test_search_and_empty_citation_limits(temp_db_path):
     with pytest.raises(ToolFailed, match="Search limit reached"):
         await capability._search("anything", None)
 
-    with pytest.raises(ModelRetry, match="chunk_ids was empty"):
-        await capability._cite([])
-
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_cite_resolves_direct_chunk_ids_and_reuses_document_lookup(temp_db_path):
@@ -1242,3 +1239,44 @@ async def test_a_capability_fetches_its_own_evidences_pictures(temp_db_path):
     client.document_item_repository.get_picture_bytes.assert_awaited_once_with(
         "doc-1", "#/pictures/0"
     )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_citing_nothing_is_a_valid_declaration(temp_db_path):
+    """A model with nothing to cite must be able to say so.
+
+    Refusing the call left silence as the only way to express it, which is
+    indistinguishable from forgetting to cite at all.
+    """
+    capability = create_rag(db_path=temp_db_path, config=AppConfig())
+    capability.state = RAGState(evidence=CapabilityEvidenceRecord(question=0))
+    capability.epoch = 5
+
+    result = await capability._cite([])
+
+    record = capability.state.evidence
+    assert "no" in result.lower()
+    assert record.declaration is not None
+    assert record.declaration.refs == []
+    assert citation_status([record], question=0) == "ungrounded"
+    assert capability.state.citations == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_citing_nothing_after_citing_something_keeps_it_grounded(temp_db_path):
+    """Declaring again cannot narrow what a question already declared."""
+    capability = create_rag(db_path=temp_db_path, config=AppConfig())
+    capability.state = RAGState(evidence=CapabilityEvidenceRecord(question=0))
+    capability.epoch = 5
+    client = AsyncMock()
+    client.get_chunk_by_id.return_value = Chunk(
+        id="chunk-1", document_id="doc-1", content="evidence"
+    )
+    client.get_document_by_id.return_value = None
+    capability.rag = client
+
+    await capability._cite(["chunk-1"])
+    await capability._cite([])
+
+    record = capability.state.evidence
+    assert citation_status([record], question=0) == "grounded"
diff --git a/tests/capabilities/test_citation_policy.py b/tests/capabilities/test_citation_policy.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b800f8c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/capabilities/test_citation_policy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, cast
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+from pydantic_ai import Agent, DeferredToolResults
+from pydantic_ai.exceptions import UserError
+from pydantic_ai.messages import ModelResponse, TextPart, ToolCallPart
+from pydantic_ai.models.function import FunctionModel
+
+from haiku.rag.capabilities.analysis import create_capability as create_analysis
+from haiku.rag.capabilities.policy import (
+    CITATION_REDIRECT_TAG,
+    REDIRECT_HINT,
+    CitationPolicyState,
+)
+from haiku.rag.capabilities.policy import (
+    create_capability as create_policy,
+)
+from haiku.rag.capabilities.rag import RAGCapability
+from haiku.rag.capabilities.rag import create_capability as create_rag
+from haiku.rag.config.models import AppConfig
+from haiku.rag.store.models.chunk import SearchResult
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Deps:
+    state: dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)
+
+
+async def stub_search(self, query: str, _limit: int | None) -> str:
+    cast(Any, self.state).searches[query] = [
+        SearchResult(content="evidence", score=1.0, chunk_id="chunk-1")
+    ]
+    self._note_evidence()
+    return "EVIDENCE"
+
+
+def prompts_of(messages) -> list[str]:
+    return [
+        str(part.content)
+        for message in messages
+        for part in message.parts
+        if type(part).__name__ == "UserPromptPart"
+    ]
+
+
+async def run_with_policy(temp_db_path, responses, *, policy=True, config=None):
+    """Answer one question with the given model responses, policy optional."""
+    rag = create_rag(
+        db_path=temp_db_path, config=config or AppConfig(), defer_loading=False
+    )
+    capabilities: list[Any] = [rag]
+    if policy:
+        capabilities.append(create_policy())
+    turns = iter(responses)
+    sent: list[list[Any]] = []
+
+    async def model(messages, _info):
+        sent.append(list(messages))
+        return ModelResponse(parts=next(turns))
+
+    agent = Agent(FunctionModel(model), deps_type=Deps, capabilities=capabilities)
+    deps = Deps()
+    with patch.object(RAGCapability, "_search", stub_search):
+        result = await agent.run("what does the supervisor do?", deps=deps)
+    return result, deps, sent
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_an_answer_without_a_citation_is_sent_back_once(temp_db_path):
+    """The last response of a question is the last moment to notice."""
+    result, deps, sent = await run_with_policy(
+        temp_db_path,
+        [
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_search", {"query": "supervisor"}, "call-1")],
+            [TextPart("an answer with no citation")],
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_cite", {"chunk_ids": ["chunk-1"]}, "call-2")],
+            [TextPart("an answer with no citation")],
+        ],
+    )
+
+    redirects = [prompt for prompt in prompts_of(sent[-1]) if REDIRECT_HINT in prompt]
+    assert len(redirects) == 1
+    assert deps.state["rag"]["citations"] == ["chunk-1"]
+    assert result.output == "an answer with no citation"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_a_grounded_answer_is_left_alone(temp_db_path):
+    _, _, sent = await run_with_policy(
+        temp_db_path,
+        [
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_search", {"query": "supervisor"}, "call-1")],
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_cite", {"chunk_ids": ["chunk-1"]}, "call-2")],
+            [TextPart("a grounded answer")],
+        ],
+    )
+
+    assert not [p for p in prompts_of(sent[-1]) if REDIRECT_HINT in p]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_an_explicitly_ungrounded_answer_is_left_alone(temp_db_path):
+    """Citing nothing is a declaration, not an omission."""
+    _, deps, sent = await run_with_policy(
+        temp_db_path,
+        [
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_search", {"query": "supervisor"}, "call-1")],
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_cite", {"chunk_ids": []}, "call-2")],
+            [TextPart("I cannot find this in the knowledge base")],
+        ],
+    )
+
+    assert not [p for p in prompts_of(sent[-1]) if REDIRECT_HINT in p]
+    assert deps.state["citation_policy"]["violations"] == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_a_question_that_gathered_no_evidence_is_left_alone(temp_db_path):
+    """Nothing was retrieved, so there is no grounding to declare."""
+    _, _, sent = await run_with_policy(temp_db_path, [[TextPart("hello back")]])
+
+    assert not [p for p in prompts_of(sent[-1]) if REDIRECT_HINT in p]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_a_violation_is_recorded_when_the_cite_tool_is_gone(temp_db_path):
+    """Asking for a withdrawn tool costs the agent's unknown-tool retries."""
+    with patch(
+        "haiku.rag.capabilities._base.RAGCapabilityBase.cite_available",
+        new_callable=lambda: property(lambda self: False),
+    ):
+        _, deps, sent = await run_with_policy(
+            temp_db_path,
+            [
+                [ToolCallPart("rag_search", {"query": "supervisor"}, "call-1")],
+                [TextPart("an answer with no citation")],
+            ],
+        )
+
+    assert not [p for p in prompts_of(sent[-1]) if REDIRECT_HINT in p]
+    assert deps.state["citation_policy"]["violations"] == [0]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_without_the_policy_capability_nothing_is_enforced(temp_db_path):
+    """Omission is the switch, so there is no flag to test."""
+    _, deps, sent = await run_with_policy(
+        temp_db_path,
+        [
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_search", {"query": "supervisor"}, "call-1")],
+            [TextPart("an answer with no citation")],
+        ],
+        policy=False,
+    )
+
+    assert not [p for p in prompts_of(sent[-1]) if REDIRECT_HINT in p]
+    assert "citation_policy" not in deps.state
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_one_decision_is_made_with_both_evidence_capabilities(temp_db_path):
+    """Two capabilities must not each demand a citation for one answer."""
+    rag = create_rag(db_path=temp_db_path, config=AppConfig(), defer_loading=False)
+    analysis = create_analysis(
+        db_path=temp_db_path, config=AppConfig(), defer_loading=False
+    )
+    turns = iter(
+        [
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_search", {"query": "supervisor"}, "call-1")],
+            [TextPart("an answer with no citation")],
+            [TextPart("an answer with no citation")],
+        ]
+    )
+    sent: list[list[Any]] = []
+
+    async def model(messages, _info):
+        sent.append(list(messages))
+        return ModelResponse(parts=next(turns))
+
+    agent = Agent(
+        FunctionModel(model),
+        deps_type=Deps,
+        capabilities=[rag, analysis, create_policy()],
+    )
+    with patch.object(RAGCapability, "_search", stub_search):
+        await agent.run("what does the supervisor do?", deps=Deps())
+
+    assert len([p for p in prompts_of(sent[-1]) if REDIRECT_HINT in p]) == 1
+
+
+def test_two_policy_capabilities_fail_fast(temp_db_path):
+    rag = create_rag(db_path=temp_db_path, config=AppConfig(), defer_loading=False)
+
+    async def model(_messages, _info):  # pragma: no cover - never reached
+        return ModelResponse(parts=[TextPart("answer")])
+
+    with pytest.raises(UserError, match="unique within a run"):
+        Agent(
+            FunctionModel(model),
+            deps_type=Deps,
+            capabilities=[rag, create_policy(), create_policy()],
+        )
+
+
+def test_the_policy_state_round_trips():
+    state = CitationPolicyState(violations=[4, 12])
+
+    restored = CitationPolicyState.model_validate(state.model_dump(mode="json"))
+
+    assert restored.violations == [4, 12]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_a_second_question_can_be_redirected_again(temp_db_path):
+    """The redirect fires once per question, not once per conversation."""
+    rag = create_rag(db_path=temp_db_path, config=AppConfig(), defer_loading=False)
+    turns = iter(
+        [
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_search", {"query": "supervisor"}, "call-1")],
+            [TextPart("first, uncited")],
+            [TextPart("first, uncited")],
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_search", {"query": "again"}, "call-2")],
+            [TextPart("second, uncited")],
+            [TextPart("second, uncited")],
+        ]
+    )
+    sent: list[list[Any]] = []
+
+    async def model(messages, _info):
+        sent.append(list(messages))
+        return ModelResponse(parts=next(turns))
+
+    agent = Agent(
+        FunctionModel(model), deps_type=Deps, capabilities=[rag, create_policy()]
+    )
+    deps = Deps()
+    with patch.object(RAGCapability, "_search", stub_search):
+        first = await agent.run("what does the supervisor do?", deps=deps)
+        await agent.run(
+            "and who supervises them?", deps=deps, message_history=first.all_messages()
+        )
+
+    assert len([p for p in prompts_of(sent[-1]) if REDIRECT_HINT in p]) == 2
+
+
+@dataclass
+class StatelessDeps:
+    """A host that keeps no capability state, which is allowed."""
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_a_violation_with_nowhere_to_record_it_does_not_fail_the_run(
+    temp_db_path,
+):
+    rag = create_rag(db_path=temp_db_path, config=AppConfig(), defer_loading=False)
+    turns = iter(
+        [
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_search", {"query": "supervisor"}, "call-1")],
+            [TextPart("an answer with no citation")],
+        ]
+    )
+
+    async def model(_messages, _info):
+        return ModelResponse(parts=next(turns))
+
+    agent = Agent(
+        FunctionModel(model),
+        deps_type=StatelessDeps,
+        capabilities=[rag, create_policy()],
+    )
+
+    with (
+        patch(
+            "haiku.rag.capabilities._base.RAGCapabilityBase.cite_available",
+            new_callable=lambda: property(lambda self: False),
+        ),
+        patch.object(RAGCapability, "_search", stub_search),
+    ):
+        result = await agent.run("what does the supervisor do?", deps=StatelessDeps())
+
+    assert result.output == "an answer with no citation"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_a_follow_up_answered_from_retained_evidence_is_enforced(temp_db_path):
+    """The multi-turn case is the one enforcement exists for.
+
+    A follow-up about something already cited needs no new search — the evidence is
+    still on the wire, whether in a capsule or in full — so requiring a fresh
+    evidence outcome let exactly those answers through undeclared.
+    """
+    rag = create_rag(db_path=temp_db_path, config=AppConfig(), defer_loading=False)
+    turns = iter(
+        [
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_search", {"query": "supervisor"}, "call-1")],
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_cite", {"chunk_ids": ["chunk-1"]}, "call-2")],
+            [TextPart("first answer")],
+            [TextPart("a follow-up answered from what is already here")],
+            [TextPart("a follow-up answered from what is already here")],
+        ]
+    )
+    sent: list[list[Any]] = []
+
+    async def model(messages, _info):
+        sent.append(list(messages))
+        return ModelResponse(parts=next(turns))
+
+    agent = Agent(
+        FunctionModel(model), deps_type=Deps, capabilities=[rag, create_policy()]
+    )
+    deps = Deps()
+
+    with patch.object(RAGCapability, "_search", stub_search):
+        first = await agent.run("what does the supervisor do?", deps=deps)
+        await agent.run(
+            "and what colour is the box in it?",
+            deps=deps,
+            message_history=first.all_messages(),
+        )
+
+    assert [p for p in prompts_of(sent[-1]) if REDIRECT_HINT in p]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_a_conversation_that_never_cited_anything_is_still_left_alone(
+    temp_db_path,
+):
+    """A greeting has nothing to declare, and no evidence exists to declare from."""
+    _, _, sent = await run_with_policy(temp_db_path, [[TextPart("hello back")]])
+
+    assert not [p for p in prompts_of(sent[-1]) if REDIRECT_HINT in p]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_a_resumed_question_is_not_redirected_twice(temp_db_path):
+    """Once per question has to mean once, across every run of that question.
+
+    Tracking it on the run instance forgot it at the next `for_run`, so resuming an
+    interrupted question asked for the citation again.
+    """
+    rag = create_rag(db_path=temp_db_path, config=AppConfig(), defer_loading=False)
+    turns = iter(
+        [
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_search", {"query": "supervisor"}, "call-1")],
+            [TextPart("uncited")],
+            [TextPart("uncited again")],
+            [TextPart("uncited a third time")],
+            [TextPart("uncited a fourth time")],
+            [TextPart("uncited a fifth time")],
+        ]
+    )
+    sent: list[list[Any]] = []
+
+    async def model(messages, _info):
+        sent.append(list(messages))
+        return ModelResponse(parts=next(turns))
+
+    agent = Agent(
+        FunctionModel(model), deps_type=Deps, capabilities=[rag, create_policy()]
+    )
+    deps = Deps()
+
+    with patch.object(RAGCapability, "_search", stub_search):
+        first = await agent.run("what does the supervisor do?", deps=deps)
+        # The same question again, continued rather than asked anew.
+        await agent.run(
+            deps=deps,
+            message_history=[
+                *first.all_messages(),
+                ModelResponse(parts=[ToolCallPart("external_tool", {}, "call-9")]),
+            ],
+            deferred_tool_results=DeferredToolResults(
+                calls={"call-9": "external result"}
+            ),
+        )
+
+    redirects = [p for p in prompts_of(sent[-1]) if REDIRECT_HINT in p]
+    assert len(redirects) == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_a_user_quoting_the_redirect_does_not_suppress_enforcement(temp_db_path):
+    """Prose is not proof that we asked: a user can write any phrase.
+
+    Matching the wording let a question that merely mentioned it pass as already
+    asked, which silently switches enforcement off.
+    """
+    rag = create_rag(db_path=temp_db_path, config=AppConfig(), defer_loading=False)
+    turns = iter(
+        [
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_search", {"query": "supervisor"}, "call-1")],
+            [TextPart("uncited")],
+            [TextPart("uncited again")],
+        ]
+    )
+    sent: list[list[Any]] = []
+
+    async def model(messages, _info):
+        sent.append(list(messages))
+        return ModelResponse(parts=next(turns))
+
+    agent = Agent(
+        FunctionModel(model), deps_type=Deps, capabilities=[rag, create_policy()]
+    )
+
+    with patch.object(RAGCapability, "_search", stub_search):
+        await agent.run(
+            "Please record what grounded the answer you already gave, in your notes.",
+            deps=Deps(),
+        )
+
+    assert [p for p in prompts_of(sent[-1]) if CITATION_REDIRECT_TAG in p]
+
+
+class Answer(BaseModel):
+    """A structured output, which the model returns through an output tool."""
+
+    text: str
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_a_structured_output_answer_does_not_escape_enforcement(temp_db_path):
+    """An output tool call is a `ToolCallPart` too, and it ends the run.
+
+    Treating every tool call as intermediate let a model search, skip citing, emit
+    its structured answer and finish with neither a redirect nor a violation.
+    """
+    rag = create_rag(db_path=temp_db_path, config=AppConfig(), defer_loading=False)
+    turns = iter(
+        [
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_search", {"query": "supervisor"}, "call-1")],
+            [
+                ToolCallPart(
+                    "final_result", {"text": "uncited structured answer"}, "out"
+                )
+            ],
+            [
+                ToolCallPart(
+                    "final_result", {"text": "uncited structured answer"}, "out"
+                )
+            ],
+        ]
+    )
+    sent: list[list[Any]] = []
+
+    async def model(messages, _info):
+        sent.append(list(messages))
+        return ModelResponse(parts=next(turns))
+
+    agent = Agent(
+        FunctionModel(model),
+        deps_type=Deps,
+        output_type=Answer,
+        capabilities=[rag, create_policy()],
+    )
+    deps = Deps()
+
+    with patch.object(RAGCapability, "_search", stub_search):
+        await agent.run("what does the supervisor do?", deps=deps)
+
+    # The cite tool is available here, so the redirect is what must happen; the
+    # backstop recording a violation would pass an `or` even with detection broken.
+    assert [p for p in prompts_of(sent[-1]) if CITATION_REDIRECT_TAG in p]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_a_question_asked_once_and_still_undeclared_is_recorded(temp_db_path):
+    """Being asked is not an outcome; the question still ended undeclared.
+
+    Returning early on the redirect marker meant a question that was asked, ignored,
+    and then finished — with the cite tool possibly gone by that point — was neither
+    redirected again nor recorded anywhere.
+    """
+    rag = create_rag(db_path=temp_db_path, config=AppConfig(), defer_loading=False)
+    turns = iter(
+        [
+            [ToolCallPart("rag_search", {"query": "supervisor"}, "call-1")],
+            [TextPart("uncited")],
+            [TextPart("still uncited after being asked")],
+        ]
+    )
+
+    async def model(_messages, _info):
+        return ModelResponse(parts=next(turns))
+
+    agent = Agent(
+        FunctionModel(model), deps_type=Deps, capabilities=[rag, create_policy()]
+    )
+    deps = Deps()
+
+    with patch.object(RAGCapability, "_search", stub_search):
+        await agent.run("what does the supervisor do?", deps=deps)
+
+    assert deps.state["citation_policy"]["violations"] == [0]
diff --git a/tests/capabilities/test_evidence_capsule.py b/tests/capabilities/test_evidence_capsule.py
index 6f1a51b5..981db4c3 100644
--- a/tests/capabilities/test_evidence_capsule.py
+++ b/tests/capabilities/test_evidence_capsule.py
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@ from pydantic_ai.models.function import FunctionModel
 from haiku.rag.capabilities.analysis import create_capability as create_analysis
 from haiku.rag.capabilities.compaction import (
     CAPSULE_HEADER,
-    DiscoveredEvidence,
     EvidenceCompactionCapability,
     build_capsule,
     group_label,
 )
 from haiku.rag.capabilities.compaction import create_capability as create_compaction
+from haiku.rag.capabilities.evidence import DiscoveredEvidence, discover_evidence
 from haiku.rag.capabilities.ledger import (
     CapabilityEvidenceRecord,
     EvidenceOccurrence,
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ def discovered(
             for chunk_id in cited
         },
         tool_names=frozenset({f"{capability}_search"}),
+        cite_available=True,
     )
 
 
@@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ def _spy_discovery(found: list[list[DiscoveredEvidence]]):
 
     async def spy(self, ctx):
         await original(self, ctx)
-        found.append(self.discover(ctx))
+        found.append(discover_evidence(ctx))
 
     return patch.object(EvidenceCompactionCapability, "before_run", spy)
 
diff --git a/tests/capabilities/test_evidence_ledger.py b/tests/capabilities/test_evidence_ledger.py
index c9f94353..a495a7a7 100644
--- a/tests/capabilities/test_evidence_ledger.py
+++ b/tests/capabilities/test_evidence_ledger.py
@@ -240,3 +240,38 @@ def test_a_question_starts_clear_of_the_one_before_it():
     assert record.latest_evidence_epoch == 0
     assert record.declaration is None
     assert citation_status([record], question=9) == "missing"
+
+
+def test_an_empty_citation_after_a_grounded_one_cannot_narrow_it():
+    """Citing again must not weaken a declaration, at any epoch.
+
+    Merging only within one epoch meant a second thought a request later replaced
+    the refs with nothing and reported the question ungrounded.
+    """
+    record = CapabilityEvidenceRecord(question=0)
+    record.declare([rag_ref()], epoch=3)
+    record.declare([], epoch=5)
+
+    assert record.declaration is not None
+    assert [ref.chunk_id for ref in record.declaration.refs] == ["c1"]
+    assert citation_status([record], question=0) == "grounded"
+
+
+def test_a_declaration_after_newer_evidence_starts_afresh():
+    """Evidence the model has since seen may be what it is now citing."""
+    record = CapabilityEvidenceRecord(question=0)
+    record.declare([rag_ref("first")], epoch=3)
+    record.note_evidence(4)
+    record.declare([rag_ref("second")], epoch=5)
+
+    assert record.declaration is not None
+    assert [ref.chunk_id for ref in record.declaration.refs] == ["second"]
+
+
+def test_an_empty_citation_after_newer_evidence_is_ungrounded():
+    record = CapabilityEvidenceRecord(question=0)
+    record.declare([rag_ref()], epoch=3)
+    record.note_evidence(4)
+    record.declare([], epoch=5)
+
+    assert citation_status([record], question=0) == "ungrounded"